to naturalise the Libyans for much the same purpose.  His victory did not bear the immediate fruits that we might have expected from his own account of it; the memory of the exploits of Ramses II. haunted him, and, stimulated by the example of his ancestor at Qodshu, he doubtless desired to have the sole credit of the victory over the Libyans.  He certainly did overcome their kings, and arrested their invasion; we may go so far as to allow that he wrested from them the provinces which they had occupied on the left bank of the Canopic branch, from Marea to the Natron Lakes, but he did not conquer them, and their power still remained as formidable as ever.  He had gained a respite at the point of the sword, but he had not delivered Egypt from their future attacks.

[Illustration:  299.jpg one of the Libyan chiefs VANQUISHED BY RAMSES III.]

     Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from Champollion.

He might perhaps have been tempted to follow up his success and assume the offensive, had not affairs in Asia at this juncture demanded the whole of his attention.  The movement of great masses of European tribes in a southerly and easterly direction was beginning to be felt by the inhabitants of the Balkans, who were forced to set out in a double stream of emigration—­one crossing the Bosphorus and the Propontis towards the centre of Asia Minor, while the other made for what was later known as Greece Proper, by way of the passes over Olympus and Pindus.  The nations who had hitherto inhabited these regions, now found themselves thrust forward by the pressure of invading hordes, and were constrained to move towards the south and east by every avenue which presented itself.  It was probably the irruption of the Phrygians into the high table-land which gave rise to the general exodus of these various nations—­the Pulasati, the Zakkala, the Shagalasha, the Danauna, and the Uashasha—­some of whom had already made their way into Syria and taken part in campaigns there, while others had as yet never measured strength with the Egyptians.  The main body of these migrating tribes chose the overland route, keeping within easy distance of the coast, from Pamphylia as far as the confines of Naharaim.

[Illustration:  300.jpg THE WAGGONS OF THE PULASATI AND THEIR CONFEDERATES]

     Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from Champollion.

They were accompanied by their families, who must have been mercilessly jolted in the ox-drawn square waggons with solid wheels in which they travelled.  The body of the vehicle was built either of roughly squared planks, or else of something resembling wicker-work.  The round axletree was kept in its place by means of a rude pin, and four oxen were harnessed abreast to the whole structure.  The children wore no clothes, and had, for the most part, their hair tied into a tuft on the top of their heads; the women affected a closely fitting cap, and were wrapped in large blue or red garments drawn close to the body.* The men’s attire varied according to the tribe to which they belonged.  The Pulasati undoubtedly held the chief place; they were both soldiers and sailors, and we must recognise in them the foremost of those tribes known to the Greeks of classical times as the Oarians, who infested the coasts of Asia Minor as well as those of Greece and the AEgean islands.**