He was, however, honest enough to leave the inscriptions of his predecessors intact, and not to appropriate to himself the credit of works belonging to the Amenemhaits or to Mirmashau.  Khiani, who is possibly the Iannas of Manetho, was not, however, so easily satisfied.* The statue bearing his inscription, of which the lower part was discovered by Naville at Bubastis, appears to have been really carved for himself or for one of his contemporaries.  It is a work possessing no originality, though of very commendable execution, such as would render it acceptable to any museum; the artist who conceived it took ’his inspiration with considerable cleverness from the best examples turned out by the schools of the Delta under the Sovkhotpfts and the Nofirhotpus.  But a small grey granite lion, also of the reign of Khiani, which by a strange fate had found its way to Bagdad, does not raise our estimation of the modelling of animals in the Hyksos period.

* Naville, who reads the name Rayan or Yanra, thinks that this prince must be the Annas or Iannas mentioned by Manetho as being one of the six shepherd-kings of the XVth dynasty.  Mr. Petrie proposed to read Khian, Khiani, and the fragment discovered at Gebelein confirms this reading, as well as a certain number of cylinders and scarabs.  Mr. Petrie prefers to place this Pharaoh in the VIIIth dynasty, and makes him one of the leaders in the foreign occupation to which he supposes Egypt to have submitted at that time; but it is almost certain that he ought to be placed among the Hyksos of the XVIth dynasty.  The name Khiani, more correctly Khiyani or Kheyani, is connected by Tomkins, and Hilprecht with that of a certain Khayanu or Khayan, son of Gabbar, who reigned in Amanos in the time of Salmanasar II., King of Assyria.

[Illustration:  084.jpg BROKEN STATUE OF KHIANI]

     Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from a photograph by Naville.

It is heavy in form, and the muzzle in no way recalls the fine profile of the lions executed by the sculptors of earlier times.  The pursuit of science and the culture of learning appear to have been more successfully perpetuated than the fine arts; a treatise on mathematics, of which a copy has come down to us, would seem to have been recopied, if not remodelled, in the twenty-second year of Apophis IL Ausirri.  If we only possessed more monuments or documents treating of this period, we should doubtless perceive that their sojourn on the banks of the Nile was instrumental in causing a speedy change in the appearance and character of the Hyksos.  The strangers retained to a certain extent their coarse countenances and rude manners:  they showed no aptitude for tilling the soil or sowing grain, but delighted in the marshy expanses of the Delta, where they gave themselves up to a semi-savage life of hunting and of tending cattle.  The nobles among them, clothed and schooled after the Egyptian fashion, and holding fiefs, or positions at court,