* Dignitaries went bareheaded and shaved the chin; see, for example, the two bas-reliefs given on pp. 105 and 244 of this volume; cf. the heads reproduced as tailpieces on pp. 2, 124.  The knot of hair behind on the central figure is easily distinguished in the vignette on p. 266 of this volume.

** The details of colour and ornamentation, not furnished by the Chaldaean monuments, are given in the wall-painting at Beni-Nasan representing the arrival of Asiatics in Egypt, which belongs to a period contemporary with or slightly anterior to the reign of Gudea.  The resemblance of the stuffs in which they are clothed to those of the Chaldaean garments, and the identity of the patterns on them with the geometrical decoration of painted cones on the palace at Uruk, have been pointed out with justice by H. G. Tomkins

*** The high tiara is represented among others on the head of Mardukna-dinakhe, King of Babylon:  cf. what is said of the conical mitre, the headdress of Sin, on pp. 14, 169 of this volume.

[Illustration:  262.jpg FEMALE SERVANT BARE TO THE WAIST.(left)]

     Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from the bronze figure in the
     Louvre, published by Heuzey-Sarzec, Decouvertes en
     Chaldee, pl. 14.

The royal wardrobe, jewels, arms, and insignia formed so many distinct departments, and each was further divided into minor sections for body-linen, washing, or for this or that kind of headdress or sceptre.  The dress of the women, which was singularly like that of the men, required no less a staff of attendants.  The female servants, as well as the male, went about bare to the waist, at all events while working indoors.  When they went out, they wore the same sort of tunic or loin-cloth, but longer and more resembling a petticoat; they had the same “abayah” drawn round the shoulders or rolled about the body like a cloak, but with the women it nearly touched the ground; sometimes an actual dress seems to have been substituted for the “abayah,” drawn in to the figure by a belt and cut out of the same hairy material as that of which the mantles were made.  The boots were of soft leather, laced, and without heels; the women’s ornaments were more numerous than those of the men, and comprised necklaces, bracelets, ankle, finger, and ear rings; their hair was separated into bands and kept in place on the forehead by a fillet, falling in thick plaits or twisted into a coil on the nape of the neck.

[Illustration:  262.jpg COSTUME OF A CHALDAEN LADY (right)]

Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from the alabaster statuette in the Louvre, published in Heuzey.  She holds in her hand the jar full of water, analogous to the streaming vase mentioned above.

A great deal of the work was performed by foreign or native slaves, generally under the command of eunuchs, to whom the king and royal princes entrusted most of the superintendence of their domestic arrangements; they guarded and looked after the sleeping apartments, they fanned and kept the flies from their master, and handed him his food and drink.  Eunuchs in Egypt were either unknown or but little esteemed:  they never seem to have been used, even in times when relations with Asia were of daily occurrence, and when they might have been supplied from the Babylonian slave-markets.