* Ati is known only from the Hammamat, inscription dated in the first year of his reign.  He was identified by Brugsch with the Othoes of Manetho, and this identification has been generally adopted.  M. de Rouge is inclined to attribute to him as praenomen the cartouche Usirkeri, which is given in the Table of Abydos between those of Teti III. and Papi I. Mariette prefers to recognize in Urikeri an independent Pharaoh of short reign.  Several blocks of the Mastabat-el- Faraun at Saqqara contain the cartouche of Unas, a fact which induced Mariette to regard this as the tomb of the Pharaoh.  The excavations of 1881 showed that Unas was entombed elsewhere, and the indications are in favour of attributing the mastaba to Ati.  We know, indeed, the pyramids of Teti III., of the two Papis, and of Metesouphis I.; Ati is the only prince of this period with whose tomb we are unacquainted.  It is thus by elimination, and not by direct evidence, that the identification has been arrived at:  Ati may have drawn upon the workshops of his predecessor Unas, which fact would explain the presence on these blocks of the cartouche of the latter.

** Upon that of Abydos, if we agree with E. de Rouge that the cartouche Usirkeri contains his praenomen; upon that from which Manetho borrowed, if we admit his identification with Othoes.

     *** Manetho (Unger’s edition, p. 101), where the form of the
     name is Othoes.

**** He is called Teti Menephtah, with the cartouche praenomen of Seti I., on a monument of the early part of the XIXth dynasty, in the Museum at Marseilles:  we see him in his pyramid represented as standing.  This pyramid was opened in 1881, and its chambers are covered with long funerary inscriptions.  It is a work of the time of Seti I., and not a contemporary production of the time of Menkauhoru.

He lived long enough to build at Saqqara a pyramid whose internal chambers are covered with inscriptions,* and his son succeeded him without opposition.  Papi I. reigned at least twenty years.**

     * The true pronunciation of this name would be Pipi, and of
     the one before it Titi.  The two other Tetis are Teti I. of
     the Ist dynasty, and Zosir-Teti, or Teti II., of the IIIrd.

** From fragment 59 of the Royal Canon of Turin, An inscription in the quarries of Hat-nubu bears the date of the year 24:  if it has been correctly copied, the reign must have been four years at least longer than the chronologists of the time of the Ramessides thought.

[Illustration:  255.jpg THE MASTABAT-EL-FARAUN, LOOKING TOWARDS THE WEST FACADE]

     Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from a photograph by Bechard.