the double of Horus, which was revealed in the prince at the moment of accession.  The double therefore received a special title, which is always constructed on a uniform plan:  first the picture [—­] hawk-god, who desired to leave to his descendants a portion of his soul, then a simple or compound epithet, specifying that virtue of Horus which the Pharaoh wished particularly to possess—­“Horu nib-maifc,” Horus master of Truth; “Horu miri-toui,” Horus friend of both lands; “Horu nibkhauu,” Horus master of the risings; “Horu maziti,” Horus who crushes his enemies.

[Illustration:  024.jpg THE ADULT KING ADVANCING, FOLLOWED BY HIS DOUBLE]

Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from an illustration in Arundale- Bonomi-Birch’s Gallery of Antiquities from the British Museum, pl. 31.  The king thus represented is Thutmosis II. of the XVIIIth dynasty; the spear, surmounted by a man’s head, which the double holds in his hand, probably recalls the human victims formerly sacrificed at the burial of a chief.

The variable part of these terms is usually written in an oblong rectangle, terminated at the lower end by a number of lines portraying in a summary way the facade of a monument, in the centre of which a bolted door may sometimes be distinguished:  this is the representation of the chapel where the double will one day rest, and the closed door is the portal of the tomb.* The stereotyped part of the names and titles, which is represented by the figure of the god, is placed outside the rectangle, sometimes by the side of it, sometimes upon its top:  the hawk is, in fact, free by nature, and could nowhere remain imprisoned against his will.

* This is what is usually known as the “Banner Name;” indeed, it was for some time believed that this sign represented a piece of stuff, ornamented at the bottom by embroidery or fringe, and bearing on the upper part the title of a king.  Wilkinson thought that this “square title,” as he called it, represented a house.  The real meaning of the expression was determined by Professor Flinders Petrie and by myself.

This artless preamble was not enough to satisfy the love of precision which is the essential characteristic of the Egyptians.  When they wished to represent the double in his sepulchral chamber, they left out of consideration the period in his existence during which he had presided over the earthly destinies of the sovereign, in order to render them similar to those of Horus, from whom the double proceeded.

[Illustration:  026.jpg Page Image]

They, therefore, withdrew him from the tomb which should have been his lot, and there was substituted for the ordinary sparrow-hawk one of those groups which symbolize sovereignty over the two countries of the Nile—­the coiled urasus of the North, and the vulture of the South, [—­]; there was then finally added a second sparrow-hawk, the golden sparrow-hawk, [—­], the triumphant sparrow-hawk which had delivered Egypt from Typhon.  The soul of Snofrai, which is called, as a surviving double, [—­], “Horus master of Truth,” is, as a living double, entitled “[—­]” “[—­]” the Lord of the Vulture and of the “Urous,” master of Truth, and Horus triumphant.*