terminating in assos and nda, as Halikarnassos, Sagalassos (Shakalasha in Meneptah’s inscription), Oroanda, and Labraunda (which, as we have seen, is the same as the [Greek word], a word of pre-Hellenic origin, both meaning “Place of the Double Axe”) The identification of these sha and nal terminations in the Egyptian transliterations of the foreign names, with the Lycian affixes referred to, was made some five years ago,* and is now generally accepted.  We have, then, to find the equivalents of these names, to strike off the final termination, as in the case of Akaiva-sha, where Akaiva only is the real name, and this seems to be the Egyptian equivalent of Axaifol, Achivi.  It is strange to meet with this great name on an Egyptian monument of the thirteenth century B.C.  But yet not so strange, when we recollect that it is precisely to that period that Greek legend refers the war of Troy, which was an attack by Greek tribes from all parts of the AEgean upon the Asianic city at Hissarlik in the Troad, exactly parallel to the attacks of the Northerners on Egypt.  And Homer preserves many a reminiscence of early Greek visits, peaceful and the reverse, to the coast of Egypt at this period.  The reader will have noticed that one no longer treats the siege of Troy as a myth.  To do so would be to exhibit a most uncritical mind; even the legends of King Arthur have a historic foundation, and those of the Nibelungen are still more probable.

     * See Hall, Oldest Civilization of Greece, p. 178/.

[Illustration:  368.jpg Page Image to display Greek words]

[Illustration:  369.jpg Page Image to display Greek words]

In the eighth year of Ramses III the second Northern attack was made, by the Pulesta (Pelishtim, Philistines), Tjakaray, Shakalasha (Sagalassians), Vashasha, and Danauna or Daanau, in alliance with North Syrian tribes.  The Danauna are evidently the ancient representatives of the Aavaoi, the Danaans who formed the bulk of the Greek army against Troy under the leadership of the long-haired Achaians, [Greek words] (like the Keftiu).  The Vashasha have been identified by the writer with the Axians, the [Greek word] of Crete.  Prof.  Petrie compares the name of the Tjakaray with that of the (modern) place Zakro in Crete.  Identifications with modern place-names are of doubtful value; for instance, we cannot but hold that Prof.  Petrie errs greatly in identifying the name of the Pidasa (another tribe mentioned in Ramses II’s time) with that of the river Pidias in Cyprus.  “Pidias” is a purely modern corruption of the ancient Pediseus, which means the “plain-river” (because it flows through the central plain of the island), from the Greek [Greek word].  If, then, we make the Pidasa Cypriotes we assume that pure Greek was spoken in Cyprus as early as 1100 b. c, which is highly improbable.  The Pidasa were probably Le-leges (Pedasians); the name of Pisidia may be the same, by metathesis.