and no more.  He may tap on the table after twenty-five have elapsed to warn the speaker to pass to his conclusion, and at the expiration of the time make him bring his remarks to a close and give way to the next speaker.  There is no unfairness in this.  The real offense is committed by the speaker who proves himself so inconsiderate, so discourteous of the conditions that he places himself in such an embarrassing circumstance.  He deserves only justice tempered by no mercy.  I have heard the first of two speakers who were to fill an hour of a commemorative service in a church talk on for an hour and ten minutes, boring the congregation to fidgety restlessness and completely preventing the second speaker—­the more important—­from delivering a single word.

Mark Twain tells how he went to church one hot night to hear a city mission worker describe his experiences among the poor people of the crowded districts who, though they needed help, were too modest or proud to ask for it.  The speaker told of the suffering and bravery he found.  Then he pointed out that the best gifts to charity are not the advertised bounties of the wealthy but the small donations of the less fortunate.  His appeals worked Mark Twain up to great enthusiasm and generosity.  He was ready to give all he had with him—­four hundred dollars—­and borrow more.  The entire congregation wanted to offer all it had.  But the missionary kept on talking.  The audience began to notice the heat.  It became hotter and hotter.  They grew more and more uncomfortable.  Mark’s generosity began to shrink.  It dwindled to less and less as the speech lengthened until when the plate did finally reach him, he stole ten cents from it.  He adds that this simply proves how a little thing like a long-winded speech can induce crime.

Plan your speech so that it will be the proper length.

Discarding Material.  This first consideration very likely indicates to you that you have much more material than you can use in the time allowed or assigned you.  You must discard some.  Strange as it may seem, this is one of the must difficult directions to carry out.  It seems such a waste of time and material to select for actual presentation so small a part of all you have carefully gathered.  There is always the temptation to “get it all in somehow.”  Yet the direction must remain inflexible.  You can use only part of it.  You must carefully select what will serve your purpose.  What is the purpose of your speech?  What is the character of your audience?  These two things will determine to a large extent, what and how much you must relinquish.  Your finished speech will be all the better for the weeding-out process.  Better still, in all your preliminary steps for subsequent speeches you will become skilful in selecting while you are gathering the material itself.  Finally you will become so practised that you will not burden yourself with waste, although you will always secure enough to supply you with a reserve supply for assurance and emergency.