The U.S. had not undertaken to maintain an actual formal protectorate over the S. Amer. states, but it did frankly undertake to act as their nearest friend in the settlement of controversies with European nations, and no President, whether Rep. or Dem., had hesitated since this critical dispute concerning the boundaries of Brit.  Guiana arose to urge its settlement upon terms favorable to Venezuela.

The following notes were made by a student in preparation for a speech upon the opposition to the Covenant of the League of Nations.  These excerpts are from the notes upon the newspaper reports of the debate in Boston in 1919 between Senator Lodge and President Lowell of Harvard.  Notice how accurately they suggest the material of the original.  The numbers represent the paragraph numbers.

    [Sidenote:  Monroe Doctrine.]

    35.  Monroe Doctrine a fence that cannot be extended by taking
    it down.

    36.  Monroe Doctrine a corollary of Washington’s foreign
    policy.

    37.  Geographical considerations on which Monroe Doctrine
    rested still obtain.

    38.  Systems of morality and philosophy are not transient,
    because they rest on verities.

    39.  Monroe Doctrine rests on law of self-preservation.

    40.  Offers a larger reservation of Monroe Doctrine as third
    constructive criticism.

    SENATOR LODGE

    [Sidenote:  What a League should provide.]

    3.  Wants to consider what such a league must contain.

    4.  Must have provision for obligatory arbitration.

    5.  Obligation not to resort to war must be compulsory.

    6.  Compulsion must be such that no nation will venture to
    incur it.

    7.  Nation that does not submit to arbitration must be treated
    as outlaw.

    8.  If decisions of arbitrations are clear and generally
    considered just, a nation desiring to wage war should be
    prevented.

    9.  Points of contact are not points of friction except when
    made too infrequent.

    10.  Travel, intercourse, frequent meetings help amicable
    adjustments.

    11.  League should provide councils where men can meet and
    talk over differences.

    12.  Penalty for violating agreements should be automatic.

    13.  All should be obliged to make war on attacking nation.

    PRESIDENT LOWELL.

Using the Library.  A reader must know how to use libraries.  This means he must be able to find books by means of the card catalogs.  These are arranged by both authors and subjects.  If he knows the author of a book or its title he can easily find the cards and have the book handed to him.  Very often he will seek information upon topics entirely new to him.  In this case he must look under the entry of the topic for all the books