Taking Notes.  Another kind of mind recalls or remembers material it has read when some note or hint suggests all of it.  This kind of mind depends upon the inestimably valuable art of note-taking, a method quite as worthy as the two just considered if its results justify its employment.  Note-taking does not mean a helter-skelter series of exclamatory jottings.  It means a well-planned, regularly organized series of entries so arranged that reference to any portion recalls vividly and exactly the full material of the original.  Books and speeches are well planned.  They follow a certain order.  Notes based upon them should reproduce that plan and show the relative value of parts.

When completed, such notes, arranged in outline form, should enable the maker to reproduce the extended material from which they were made.  If he cannot do that, his reading and his note-taking were to little purpose.  A speaker who has carefully written out his full speech and delivers it form the manuscript can use that speech over and over again.  But that does not indicate that he really knows much about the topic he is discussing.  He did know about it once.  But the man who from a series of notes can reconstruct material worked up long before proves that he has retained his knowledge of it.  Besides, this method gives him the chance to adapt his presentation to the changing conditions and the new audience.

In using this method, when a particularly important bit of information is met, it should be set down very carefully, usually verbatim, as it may be quoted exactly in the speech.  This copy may be made upon the paper where the regular notes are being entered so that it may be found later embodied in the material it supports.  Or it may later be cut from this sheet to be shifted about and finally fixed when planning the speech, or preparing the outline (discussed in the next two chapters).  Many practised speech-makers copy such material upon the regularly sized library catalog cards (3 by 5 inches), some distinguishing by the colors of cards the various kinds of material, such as arguments supporting a position, opposite arguments, refutation, statistics, court judgments, etc.  The beginner will find for himself what methods he can use best.  Of course he must never let his discriminating system become so elaborate that he consumes unjustifiable time and thought in following its intricate plan.

In all cases of quotations—­either verbatim or in resume—­the authority must be noted.  Author, official title or position, title of work, circumstances, date, volume, page, etc., should be clearly set down.  In law cases the date is especially important as so frequently the latest decision reverses all the earlier ones.  For convenience of filing and handling these items are placed at the top of the card.

    Monroe Doctrine—­Meaning

    W. Wilson—­Hist.  Amer.  People, V, 245