Linking the Introduction to Preceding Speeches.  So many speeches are replies to preceding addresses that many introductions adapt themselves to their audiences by touching upon such utterances.  In debates, in pleas in court, in deliberative assemblies, this is more usually the circumstance than not.  The following illustrates how courteously this may be done, even when it serves merely to make all the clearer the present speaker’s position.  In moments of tensest feeling great speakers skilfully move from any one position or attitude to another as Patrick Henry did.  While you are regarding these paragraphs as an example of introduction do not overlook their vocabulary and sentences.

Mr. President:  No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the house.  But different men often see the same subject in different lights; and, therefore, I hope it will not be thought disrespectful to those gentlemen, if, entertaining as I do opinions of a character very opposite to theirs, I shall speak forth my sentiments freely, and without reserve.  This is no time for ceremony.  The question before the house is one of awful moment to the country.  For my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery.  And in proportion to the magnitude of the subject ought to be the freedom of the debate.  It is only in this way that we can hope to arrive at truth, and fulfill the great responsibility which we hold to God and our country.  Should I keep back my opinions at such a time, through fear of giving offense, I should consider myself as guilty of treason towards my country, and of an act of disloyalty toward the Majesty of Heaven, which I revere above all earthly things.

Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope.  We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that Siren till she transforms us into beasts.  Is this the part of wise men, engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty?  Are we disposed to be of the number of those who having eyes see not, and having ears hear not, the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation?  For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know the worst and to provide for it.

    PATRICK HENRY in the Virginia Convention, 1775

Difficulties of Introductions.  People who are scheduled to make speeches are heard to declare that they know exactly what they want to say but they do not know how to begin.  Another way they have of expressing this is that they do not know how to bring their material before their hearers.  Undoubtedly the most difficult parts of speeches are the beginnings and conclusions.  In Chapter II one of the methods of preparing for delivery recognized this difference by recording that one way is to memorize the beginning