as represent the interests of the bourgeoisie, that he dismisses his employees if they read Chartist or Socialist papers or books, this is all concealed from you.  You see an easy, patriarchal relation, you see the life of the overlookers, you see what the bourgeoisie promises the workers if they become its slaves, mentally and morally.  This “country manufacture” has always been what the employers like to show, because in it the disadvantages of the factory system, especially from the point of view of health, are, in part, done away with by the free air and surroundings, and because the patriarchal servitude of the workers can here be longest maintained.  Dr. Ure sings a dithyramb upon the theme.  But woe to the operatives to whom it occurs to think for themselves and become Chartists!  For them the paternal affection of the manufacturer comes to a sudden end.  Further, if you should wish to be accompanied through the working-people’s quarters of Manchester, if you should desire to see the development of the factory system in a factory town, you may wait long before these rich bourgeoisie will help you!  These gentlemen do not know in what condition their employees are nor what they want, and they dare not know things which would make them uneasy or even oblige them to act in opposition to their own interests.  But, fortunately, that is of no consequence:  what the working-men have to carry out, they carry out for themselves.

{189} Grainger Report.  Appendix, Part I., pp. 7, 15, et seq., 132- 142.

{192a} Grainger’s whole Report.

{192b} Grainger Children’s Employment Commission’s Report.

{193} Burns, Children’s Employment Commission’s Report.

{194} Leach.  “Stubborn Facts from the Factories,” p. 47.

{196} Leach.  “Stubborn Facts from the Factories,” p. 33.

{197} Leach.  “Stubborn Facts from the Factories,” p. 37-40.

{199} Children’s Employment Commission’s Report.

{200a} See p. 112.

{200b} Grainger Report and Evidence.

{202} Horne Report and Evidence.

{203} Dr. Knight, Sheffield.

{205} Symonds Report and Evidence.

{207} Scriven Report and Evidence.

{208} Leifchild Report Append., Part II., p.  L 2, ss. 11,12; Franks Report Append., Part II., p.  K 7, s. 48, Tancred Evid.  Append., Part II., p.  I 76, etc.—­Children’s Employment Commission’s Rep’t.

{210} See Weekly Dispatch, March 16th, 1844.

{211} Thomas Hood, the most talented of all the English humorists now living, and, like all humorists, full of human feeling, but wanting in mental energy, published at the beginning of 1844 a beautiful poem, “The Song of the Shirt,” which drew sympathetic but unavailing tears from the eyes of the daughters of the bourgeoisie.  Originally published in Punch, it made the round of all the papers.  As discussions of the condition of the sewing-women filled all the papers at the time, special extracts are needless.