The Corn Laws being repealed, the price of bread
falls, and wages gradually approach those of other
European countries, as must be clear to every one from
our previous exposition of the principles according
to which wages are determined. The manufacturer
can compete more readily, the demand for English goods
increases, and, with it, the demand for labour.
In consequence of this increased demand wages would
actually rise somewhat, and the unemployed workers
be re-employed; but for how long? The “surplus
population” of England, and especially of Ireland,
is sufficient to supply English manufacture with the
necessary operatives, even if it were doubled; and,
in a few years, the small advantage of the repeal of
the Corn Laws would be balanced, a new crisis would
follow, and we should be back at the point from which
we started, while the first stimulus to manufacture
would have increased population meanwhile. All
this the proletarians understand very well, and have
told the manufacturers to their faces; but, in spite
of that, the manufacturers have in view solely the
immediate advantage which the Corn Laws would bring
them. They are too narrow-minded to see that,
even for themselves, no permanent advantage can arise
from this measure, because their competition with each
other would soon force the profit of the individual
back to its old level; and thus they continue to shriek
to the working-men that it is purely for the sake
of the starving millions that the rich members of the
Liberal party pour hundreds and thousands of pounds
into the treasury of the Anti-Corn Law League, while
every one knows that they are only sending the butter
after the cheese, that they calculate upon earning
it all back in the first ten years after the repeal
of the Corn Laws. But the workers are no longer
to be misled by the bourgeoisie, especially since the
insurrection of 1842. They demand of every one
who presents himself as interested in their welfare,
that he should declare himself in favour of the People’s
Charter as proof of the sincerity of his professions,
and in so doing, they protest against all outside
help, for the Charter is a demand for the power to
help themselves. Whoever declines so to declare
himself they pronounce their enemy, and are perfectly
right in so doing, whether he be a declared foe or
a false friend Besides, the Anti-Corn Law League has
used the most despicable falsehoods and tricks to win
the support of the workers. It has tried to
prove to them that the money price of labour is in
inverse proportion to the price of corn; that wages
are high when grain is cheap, and vice versa,
an assertion which it pretends to prove with the most
ridiculous arguments, and one which is, in itself,
more ridiculous than any other that has proceeded from
the mouth of an Economist. When this failed
to help matters, the workers were promised bliss supreme
in consequence of the increased demand in the labour
market; indeed, men went so far as to carry through
the streets two models of loaves of bread, on one
of which, by far the larger, was written: “American
Eightpenny Loaf, Wages Four Shillings per Day,”
and upon the much smaller one: “English
Eightpenny Loaf, Wages Two Shillings a Day.”
But the workers have not allowed themselves to be
misled. They know their lords and masters too
well.