their enemies, the manufacturers.  In war the injury of one party is the benefit of the other, and since the working-men are on a war-footing towards their employers, they do merely what the great potentates do when they get into a quarrel.  Beyond all other bourgeois is our friend Dr. Ure, the most furious enemy of the Unions.  He foams with indignation at the “secret tribunals” of the cotton-spinners, the most powerful section of the workers, tribunals which boast their ability to paralyse every disobedient manufacturer, {222a} “and so bring ruin on the man who had given them profitable employment for many a year.”  He speaks of a time {222b} “when the inventive head and the sustaining heart of trade were held in bondage by the unruly lower members.”  A pity that the English working-men will not let themselves be pacified so easily with thy fable as the Roman Plebs, thou modern Menenius Agrippa!  Finally, he relates the following:  At one time the coarse mule-spinners had misused their power beyond all endurance.  High wages, instead of awakening thankfulness towards the manufacturers and leading to intellectual improvement (in harmless study of sciences useful to the bourgeoisie, of course), in many cases produced pride and supplied funds for supporting rebellious spirits in strikes, with which a number of manufacturers were visited one after the other in a purely arbitrary manner.  During an unhappy disturbance of this sort in Hyde, Dukinfield, and the surrounding neighbourhood, the manufacturers of the district, anxious lest they should be driven from the market by the French, Belgians, and Americans, addressed themselves to the machine-works of Sharp, Roberts & Co., and requested Mr. Sharp to turn his inventive mind to the construction of an automatic mule in order “to emancipate the trade from galling slavery and impending ruin.” {223a}

“He produced in the course of a few months a machine apparently instinct with the thought, feeling, and tact of the experienced workman—­which even in its infancy displayed a new principle of regulation, ready in its mature state to fulfil the functions of a finished spinner.  Thus the Iron Man, as the operatives fitly call it, sprung out of the hands of our modern Prometheus at the bidding of Minerva—­a creation destined to restore order among the industrious classes, and to confirm to Great Britain the empire of art.  The news of this Herculean prodigy spread dismay through the Union, and even long before it left its cradle, so to speak, it strangled the Hydra of misrule.” {223b}

Ure proves further that the invention of the machine, with which four and five colours are printed at once, was a result of the disturbances among the calico printers; that the refractoriness of the yarn-dressers in the power-loom weaving mills gave rise to a new and perfected machine for warp-dressing, and mentions several other such cases.  A few pages earlier this same Ure gives himself a great deal of trouble