Meran—­the Italians have changed its official name to Merano, just as they have changed Trent to Trento, and Bozen to Bolzano—­has always appealed to me as one of the most charming and restful little towns in Europe.  The last time I had been there, before the war-cloud darkened the land, its streets were lined with powerful touring cars bearing the license-plates of half the countries in Europe, bands played in the parks, the shady promenade beside the river was crowded with pleasure-seekers, and its great tourist hostelries—­there were said to be upwards of 150 hotels and pensions in the town—­were gay with laughter and music.  But this time all was changed.  Most of the large hotels were closed, the streets were deserted, the place was as dismal as a cemetery.  It reminded me of a beautiful house which has been closed because of its owner’s financial reverses, the servants discharged, the windows boarded up, the furniture swathed in linen covers, the carpets and hangings packed away in mothballs, and the gardens overrun with weeds.  At the Hotel Savoy, where rooms had been reserved for us, it was necessary, in pre-war days, to wire for accommodations a fortnight in advance of your arrival, and even then you were not always able to get rooms.  Yet we were the only visitors, barring a handful of Italian commercial travelers and the Italian governor-general and his staff.  The proprietor, an Austrian, told me that in the four years of war he had lost $300,000, and that he, like his colleagues, was running his hotel on borrowed money.  Of the pre-war visitors to Meran, eighty per cent. had been Germans, he told me, adding that he could see no prospect of the town’s regaining its former prosperity until Germany is on her financial feet again.  Personally, I think that he and the other hoteliers and business men with whom I talked in Meran were rather more pessimistic than the situation warranted, for, if Italy will have the foresight to do for these new playgrounds of hers in the Alps even a fraction of what she has done for her resorts on the Riviera, and in Sicily, and along the Neapolitan littoral, if she will advertise and encourage and assist them, if she will maintain their superb roads and improve their railway communications, then I believe that a few years, a very few, will see them thronged by even greater crowds of visitors than before the war.  And the fact that in the future there will be more American, English, French and Italian visitors, and fewer Germans, will make South Tyrol a far pleasanter place to travel in.

The Italians are fully alive to the gravity of the problems which confront them in attempting to assimilate a body of people, as courageous, as sturdily independent, and as tenacious of their traditional independence as these Tyrolean mountaineers—­descendants of those peasants, remember, who, led by Andreas Hofer, successfully defied the dictates of Napoleon.  Though I think that she is going about the business