1846.  Hale (Horatio).

  United States exploring expedition, during the years 1838, 1839, 1840,
    1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.  Navy, vol. 6,
    ethnography and philology.  Philadelphia, 1846.

In addition to a large amount of ethnographic data derived from the Polynesian Islands, Micronesian Islands, Australia, etc., more than one-half of this important volume is devoted to philology, a large share relating to the tribes of northwestern America.

The vocabularies collected by Hale, and the conclusions derived by him from study of them, added much to the previous knowledge of the languages of these tribes.  His conclusions and classification were in the main accepted by Gallatin in his linguistic writings of 1848.

  1846.  Latham (Robert Gordon).

  Miscellaneous contributions to the ethnography of North America.  In
    Proceedings of the Philological Society of London.  London, 1816,
    vol. 2.

In this article, which was read before the Philological Society, January 24, 1845, a large number of North American languages are examined and their affinities discussed in support of the two following postulates made at the beginning of the paper:  First, “No American language has an isolated position when compared with the other tongues en masse rather than with the language of any particular class;” second, “The affinities between the language of the New World, as determined by their vocabularies, is not less real than that inferred from the analogies of their grammatical structure.”  The author’s conclusions are that both statements are substantiated by the evidence presented.  The paper contains no new family names.

  1847.  Prichard (James Cowles).

  Researches into the physical history of mankind (third edition), vol.
    5, containing researches into the history of the Oceanic and of the
    American nations.  London, 1847.

It was the purpose of this author, as avowed by himself, to determine whether the races of men are the cooffspring of a single stock or have descended respectively from several original families.  Like other authors on this subject, his theory of what should constitute a race was not clearly defined.  The scope of the inquiry required the consideration of a great number of subjects and led to the accumulation of a vast body of facts.  In volume 5 the author treats of the American Indians, and in connection with the different tribes has something to say of their languages.  No attempt at an original classification is made, and in the main the author follows Gallatin’s classification and adopts his conclusions.

  1848.  Gallatin (Albert).

  Hale’s Indians of Northwest America, and vocabularies of North
    America, with an introduction.  In Transactions of the American
    Ethnological Society, New York, 1848, vol. 2.