> Caddo, Latham in Trans.  Philolog.  Soc.  Lond., II, 31-50, 1846 (indicates affinities with Iroquois, Muskoge, Catawba, Pawnee).  Gallatin in Trans.  Am.  Eth.  Soc., II, pt. 1, xcix, 77, 1848, (Caddo only).  Berghaus (1845), Physik.  Atlas, map 17, 1848 (Caddos, etc.).  Ibid., 1852.  Latham, Nat.  Hist.  Man, 338, 1850 (between the Mississippi and Sabine).  Latham in Trans.  Philolog.  Soc., Lond., 101, 1856.  Turner in Pac.  R. R. Rep., III, pt. 3, 55, 70, 1856 (finds resemblances to Pawnee but keeps them separate).  Buschmann, Spuren der aztek.  Sprache, 426, 448, 1859.  Latham, Opuscula, 290, 366, 1860.

  > Caddo, Latham, Elements Comp.  Phil., 470, 1862 (includes Pawni and
  Riccari).

> Pawnees, Gallatin in Trans. and Coll.  Am.  Antiq.  Soc., II, 128, 306, 1836 (two nations:  Pawnees proper and Ricaras or Black Pawnees).  Prichard, Phys.  Hist.  Mankind, V, 408, 1847 (follows Gallatin).  Gallatin in Trans.  Am.  Eth.  Soc., II, pt. 1, xcix, 1848.  Latham, Nat.  Hist.  Man, 344, 1850 (or Panis; includes Loup and Republican Pawnees).  Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind.  Tribes, III, 402, 1853 (gives as languages:  Pawnees, Ricaras, Tawakeroes, Towekas, Wachos?).  Hayden, Cont.  Eth. and Phil.  Missouri Indians, 232, 345, 1863 (includes Pawnees and Arikaras).

> Panis, Gallatin in Trans. and Coll.  Am.  Antiq.  Soc., II, 117, 128, 1836 (of Red River of Texas; mention of villages; doubtfully indicated as of Pawnee family).  Prichard, Phys.  Hist.  Mankind, V, 407, 1847 (supposed from name to be of same race with Pawnees of the Arkansa).  Latham, Nat.  Hist.  Man, 344, 1850 (Pawnees or).  Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind.  Tribes, III, 403, 1853 (here kept separate from Pawnee family).

  > Pawnies, Gallatin in Trans.  Am.  Eth.  Soc., II, pt. 1, 77, 1848 (see
  Pawnee above).

  > Pahnies, Berghaus (1845), Physik.  Atlas, map 17, 1848.  Ibid., 1852.

  > Pawnee(?), Turner in Pac.  R. R. Rep., III, pt. 3, 55, 65, 1856
  (Kichai and Hueco vocabularies).

  = Pawnee, Keane, App. to Stanford’s Comp. (Cent. and So.  Am.), 478,
  1878 (gives four groups, viz:  Pawnees proper; Arickarees; Wichitas;
  Caddoes).

  = Pani, Gatschet, Creek Mig.  Legend, I, 42, 1884.  Berghaus, Physik. 
  Atlas, map 72, 1887.

  > Towiaches.  Gallatin in Trans. and Coll.  Am.  Antiq.  Soc., II, 116,
  128, 1836 (same as Panis above).  Prichard, Phys.  Hist.  Mankind, V,
  407, 1847.

  > Towiachs, Latham, Nat.  Hist.  Man, 349, 1850 (includes Towiach,
  Tawakenoes, Towecas?, Wacos).

  > Towiacks, Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind.  Tribes, III, 402, 1853.

> Natchitoches, Gallatin in Trans. and Coll.  Am.  Antiq.  Soc., II, 116, 1836 (stated by Dr. Sibley to speak a language different from any other).  Latham, Nat.  Hist.  Man, 342, 1850.  Prichard, Phys.  Hist.  Mankind, V, 406, 1847 (after Gallatin).  Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind.  Tribes, III, 402, 1853 (a single tribe only).

  > Aliche, Latham, Nat.  Hist.  Man, 349, 1850 (near Nacogdoches; not
  classified).