except in the very fact of the assemblage.  As far as I could guess from my own observation, there were about 6000 people present, and from 400 to 500 carriages; though persons who ought to be well informed have told me that there were double these numbers.  No attempt at interference was made on the part of the French.  There were but few French soldiers about, and what there were, were evidently mere spectators.  Pontifical gendarmes passed along the road at frequent intervals, and, not being able to arrest a multitude, consoled themselves with the small piece of tyranny of closing the osterias, which, both in look and character, bear a strong resemblance to our London tea-gardens, and are a favourite resort of thirsty and dusty pedestrians.  The crowd, nevertheless, remained perfectly orderly and peaceful, and as soon as the carnival-time was over, returned quietly to the city.  As I came back from the gate I passed through the Corso just before the course was cleared for the races.  I have never seen in Italy a rabble like that collected in the street.  The crowd was much such a one as you will sometimes meet, and avoid, in the low purlieus of London on Guy Faux day.  Carriages there were, some forty in all, chiefly English.  One hardly met a single respectable-looking person, except foreigners, in the crowd; and I own I was not sorry when I reached my destination, and got clear of the mob.  Yet the report of the police of the Pope was, that the carnival was brilliante, e brilliantissimo.

On the following day (Friday) much the same sort of demonstration took place in the Corso.  There being no carnival, the whole street, from the Piazza del Popolo to the Capitol, was filled with a line of carriages, going and returning at a foot’s pace.  The balconies and windows were filled with spectators, and the rabble of the previous day was replaced by the same quiet, decent crowd I had seen at the Porta Pia.  The carriages, from some cause or other, were more aristocratic in appearance; while the number of spectators was much smaller—­probably because it was a working day, and not a “festa.”  By seven o’clock the assemblage dispersed, and the street was empty.  Meanwhile, Friday afternoon was chosen for the time of a counter-demonstration at the Vatican.  All the English Roman Catholics sojourning in Rome received notice that it was proposed to present an address to the Pope, condoling with him in his afflictions.  Cardinal Wiseman was the chief promoter, and framed the address.  Many Roman Catholics, I understand, abstained from going, because they were not aware what the terms of the address might be, and how far the sentiments expressed in it might be consistent with their position as English subjects.  The demonstration outwardly was not a very imposing one; about fifty cabs and one-horse vehicles drove up at three o’clock to the Vatican, and altogether some 150 persons, men, women, and children, of English extraction, mustered together as representatives