6. that the broad white of the St. Andrew’s is partly white cross
     and partly white ground;

     7. that the broad white of the St. Andrew’s is uppermost on the
     parts near the staff.

When these have been noted, the pupils are ready to unite the flags which they had formerly made.  The teacher directs them to cut away all of the white ground and half of each arm of the St. Patrick’s Cross, retaining the centre.  This should then be pasted upon the St. Andrew’s Cross as in the Union Jack.  They next cut away all of the white ground of the St. George’s Cross, except the border (one third of the red), and paste this above the other two.  The result will be a correctly made jack, and the pupils will know the several stages in its growth.

Where it is not possible to conduct the series of lessons as above, the following method is suggested.  The pupils are provided with white paper and red and blue crayons, and are led to make, as above, a study of the jack belonging to the school.  The following directions are then given: 

First line in with a ruler the dimensions of the flag, say five inches wide and ten inches long.  Draw the diagonals in faint lines.  Place the cross of St. George and its border upon the flag according to the measurements mentioned, that is, the cross one inch wide and the border one third of an inch wide.  The diagonals will be the centre and dividing lines of the crosses of St. Andrew and St. Patrick.  Now place the saltire crosses according to the measurements.  The white arm of St. Andrew’s Cross will be one-half inch in width, the white border of St. Patrick’s Cross one-sixth of an inch wide, and the red cross of St. Patrick one-third of an inch wide.  The red cross of St. Patrick is placed touching the diagonal, below in the first and third quarters, and above in the second and fourth quarters.  Great care must be exercised in making the drawing of the Union Jack.

     The following are the official regulations for the proportions of
     the Union Jack: 

     1.  It may be either square, or twice as long as it is wide.

     2.  The proportions are: 

          Red Cross of St. George 1/5 of width of flag. 
          White border to St. George 1/3 of red of St. George. 
          Red Cross of St. Patrick 1/3 of red of St. George. 
          White border to St. Patrick 1/6 of red of St. George. 
          Broad white of St. Andrew 1/2 of red of St. George.

     3.  Broad white of St. Andrew is uppermost in the two quarters next
     the staff; the red of St. Patrick is uppermost in the other
     quarters.

Its base is the cross of St. George, red on a white ground.  On the political union of England and Scotland in 1707, the cross of St. Andrew, which is a white diagonal cross on a blue ground, was added, and to this Union flag there was joined, in 1801, the cross of St. Patrick, a red diagonal cross on a white ground.  The colours of the Union Jack are red, which is the emblem of courage; white, the emblem of purity; and blue, the emblem of truth; so that we cannot do anything cowardly without disgracing our flag.