his hand.”  In Horne, vol. 4, ch. 23.  About the same time he turned his attention to the Latin version of the Old Testament, which had been made, not from the original Hebrew, but from the Greek Septuagint.  Of this he first revised the Psalter, but not very thoroughly; in his own words, “cursorily for the most part.”  This first revision is known by the name of the Roman Psalter.  A later and more thorough revision, executed by Jerome at Bethlehem between A.D. 384-391, is called the Gallican Psalter.  There is good reason to believe that Jerome’s revision extended to all the remaining books of the Old Testament, though we have positive evidence in respect to only a part of them—­Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Canticles, Chronicles.

Gregory of Tours is said to have introduced Jerome’s second revision of the Psalter into the public service in France; whence its name Gallican.  The Roman Psalter was retained in Italy till the time of Pius V., who introduced the Gallican generally.  But three churches, one of them that of the Vatican, continued to use the Roman Psalter.  Westcott in Smith’s Bible Dict.; Art.  Vulgate.

5.  Jerome was soon convinced of the necessity of undertaking a new translation of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew.  To this arduous task he addressed himself with great earnestness, availing himself of the help of Jewish scholars to complete his knowledge of the Hebrew.  The whole work occupied his time, with periods of intermission, from A.D. 385 to A.D. 405.  See in Horne, vol. 2, p. 89.  He did not venture, however, to make a new version from the Hebrew of the book of Psalms, the constant use of which in the church service was a barrier to the substitution of a new translation.  He accordingly retained his second revision from the Septuagint, which is called the Gallican Psalter.  Of the Apocryphal books he translated only two, Judith and Tobit.  The remaining Apocryphal writings were retained in their old form.  The Latin bible thus in part revised and in part translated by Jerome (most of the Apocryphal writings being left unrevised) is called the Vulgate, that is common or current version, although this term belonged, before the days of Jerome, to the Old Latin itself.  Its diversified character is thus briefly indicated by Westcott.—­“(1.) Unrevised Old Latin:  Wisdom, Eccl., 1, 2 Macc., Baruch. (2.) Old Latin revised, from the LXX.:  Psalter. (3.) Jerome’s free translation from the original text:  Judith, Tobit. (4.) Jerome’s translation from the original:  Old Testament except Psalter. (5.) Old Latin revised from Greek MSS.:  Gospels. (6.) Old Latin cursorily revised:  the remainder of New Testament.”  In Smith’s Bible Dict.; Art.  Vulgate.