unequal; the sense being the reason of the breaks occurring when they do.  In the gospels, at least, the sections are perhaps the best that were ever devised; and this system of capitulary division is probably the earliest of which we have the means of knowing any thing.”  Horne’s Introduction, vol. 4, chap. 4, revised edition, 1860.

8.  Different from the Ammonian-Eusebian sections, and later in their origin, are the divisions of the gospels called titles, because each of them received a title from one of the first or principal subjects mentioned in it.  They are thought to have been connected with the public reading of the gospels.  Of these, Matthew contains 68; Mark, 48; Luke, 83; John, 18.  They are, therefore, larger than the Ammonian sections, and resemble more nearly our modern chapters.

These titles are called by the Latins briefs (breves), and the tables of their contents breviaries (breviaria).  They did not come into common use before the fifth century, and are commonly annexed to manuscripts along with the Ammonian-Eusebian sections.  But they are the only divisions known to some of the church fathers, as Euthymius and Theophylact.

9.  The divisions of the other books of the New Testament are thought to be of later origin.  Euthalius introduced into a copy, which he sent to Athanasius the younger, divisions called chapters.  He has sometimes been considered the author of those in the Acts and catholic epistles; but he probably took them from an older source.  Those in the Pauline epistles he expressly ascribed to “one of the wisest and most Christ-loving of our fathers.”  He also gave headings to the chapters, descriptive of their contents, but collected from previous sources.  The Apocalypse was divided into twenty-four larger sections and seventy-two smaller—­a work ascribed to Andreas of Caesarea in Cappadocia.  Tregelles, in Horne’s Introduction, vol. 4, chap. 4.

10.  Our present division of chapters was made in the thirteenth century, by Cardinal Hugo, from whom proceeded also that in the Old Testament.  It was first introduced into the Latin copies, and afterwards into the Greek.  Our present division of verses was made by Robert Stephens, in 1551.  It was preceded by some earlier divisions, as that of Pagninus, in which the verses were longer than those of Stephens.

Distinct from all the above divisions are the church-lessons, made very early, in imitation of the Jewish Haphtaroth, or sections from the prophets.  Chap. 13, No. 6.  The beginning of these seems to have been in special selections for the church festivals.  But the usage was afterwards extended so as to include selections for all the Sabbaths and feast-days of the year.  Hence from the fifth century and onward the whole New Testament was no longer publicly read, as in the primitive days of Christianity, according to the free judgment of those who conducted the church-services;