These particulars appear so foolish and so trivial that most persons will find them ridiculous, and even the most sympathetic will perhaps wonder why they are recorded.  They were, however, far from trivial to me.  The marooned seaman saves his sanity by cutting notches in a stick, the solitary prisoner by friendship with a mouse; and when life is reduced to the last exiguity of narrowness, the interests of life will be narrow too.  No writer, whose work is familiar to me, has ever yet described with unsparing fidelity the kind of misery which lies in having to do precisely the same things at the same hour, through long and consecutive periods of time.  The hours then become a dead weight which oppresses the spirit to the point of torture.  Life itself resembles those dreadful dreams of childhood, in which we see the ceiling and the walls of the room contract round one’s helpless and immobile form.  Blessed is he who has variety in his life:  thrice blessed is he who has both freedom and variety:  but the subordinate toiler in the vast mechanism of a great city has neither.  He will sit at the same desk, gaze upon the same unending rows of figures, do, in fact, the same things year in and year out till his youth has withered into age.  He himself becomes little better than a mechanism.  There is no form of outdoor employment of which this can be said.  The life of the agricultural labourer, so often pitied for its monotony, is variety itself compared with the life of the commercial clerk.  The labourer’s tasks are at least changed by the seasons; but time brings no such diversion to the clerk.  It is this horrible monotony which so often makes the clerk a foul-minded creature; driven in upon himself, he has to create some kind of drama for his instincts and imaginations, and often from the sorriest material.  When I played single-handed cribbage with the few trivial interests which I knew, I at least took an innocent diversion; and I may claim that my absurd fancies injured no one, and were certainly of some service to myself.

The outsider usually imagines that great cities afford unusual opportunities of social intercourse, and when I first became a citizen I found this prospect enchanting.  I scanned the horizon eagerly for these troops of friends which a city was supposed to furnish:  quested here and there for a responsive pair of eyes; made timid approaches which were repulsed; and, finally, after much experiment, had to admit that the whole idea was a delusion.  No doubt it is true enough that, with a settled and considerable income, and the power of entertaining, friends are to be found in plenty.  But Grosvenor Square and Kentish Town do not so much as share a common atmosphere.  In the one it is a pleasant tradition that the house door should be set wide to all comers who can contribute anything to the common social stock; in the other, the house door is jealously locked and barred.  The London clerk does not care to reveal the shifts