as are purely intuitive and indefinable. In comparison
with the Renaissance sculptors, the French academic
sculptors of the present day are certainly too exclusive
devotees of Buffon’s “order and movement,”
and too little occupied with the thought itself—too
little individual. In comparison with the antique,
this is less apparent, but I fancy not less real.
We are so accustomed to think of the antique as the
pure and simple embodiment of style, as a sublimation,
so to speak of the individual into style itself, that
in this respect we are scarcely fair judges of the
antique. In any case we know very little of it;
we can hardly speak of it except by periods.
But it is plain that the Greek is so superior to any
subsequent sculpture in this one respect of style that
we rarely think of its other qualities. Our judgment
is inevitably a comparative one, and inevitably a
comparative judgment fixes our attention on the Greek
supremacy of style. Indeed, in looking at the
antique the thought itself is often alien to us, and
the order and movement, being more nearly universal
perhaps, are all that occupy us. A family tombstone
lying in the cemetery at Athens, and half buried in
the dust which blows from the Piraeus roadway, has
more style than M. Mercie’s “Quand-Meme”
group for Belfort, which has been the subject of innumerable
encomiums, and which has only style and no individuality
whatever to commend it. And the Athenian tombstone
was probably furnished to order by the marble-cutting
artist of the period, corresponding to those whose
signs one sees at the entrances of our own large cemeteries.
Still we may be sure that the ordinary Athenian citizen
who adjudged prizes between AEschylus and Sophocles,
and to whom Pericles addressed the oration which only
exceptional culture nowadays thoroughly appreciates,
found plenty of individuality in the decoration of
the Parthenon, and was perfectly conscious of the
difference between Phidias and his pupils. Even
now, if one takes the pains to think of it, the difference
between such works as the so-called “Genius”
of the Vatican and the Athenian marbles, or between
the Niobe group at Florence and the Venus torso at
Naples, for example, seems markedly individual enough,
though the element of style is still to our eyes the
most prominent quality in each. Indeed, if one
really reflects upon the subject, it will not seem
exaggeration to say that to anyone who has studied
both with any thoroughness it would be more difficult
to individualize the mass of modern French sculpture
than even that of the best Greek epoch—the
epoch when style was most perfect, when its reign
was, as it sometimes appears to us, most absolute.
And if we consider the Renaissance sculpture, its complexity
is so great, its individuality is so pronounced, that
one is apt to lose sight of the important part which
style really plays in it. In a work by Donatello
we see first of all his thought; in a Madonna of Mino’s
it is the idea that charms us; the Delia Robbia frieze
at Pistoja is pure genre.