The policy that emancipated and armed the negro—­now seen to have been wise and proper by the dullest—­was not certainly more sternly demanded than is now the policy of enfranchisement.  If with the negro was success in war, and without him failure, so in peace it will be found that the nation must fall or flourish with the negro.

Fortunately, the Constitution of the United States knows no distinction between citizens on account of color.  Neither does it know any difference between a citizen of a State and a citizen of the United States.  Citizenship evidently includes all the rights of citizens, whether State or national.  If the Constitution knows none, it is clearly no part of the duty of a Republican Congress now to institute one.  The mistake of the last session was the attempt to do this very thing, by a renunciation of its power to secure political rights to any class of citizens, with the obvious purpose to allow the rebellious States to disfranchise, if they should see fit, their colored citizens.  This unfortunate blunder must now be retrieved, and the emasculated citizenship given to the negro supplanted by that contemplated in the Constitution of the United States, which declares that the citizens of each State shall enjoy all the rights and immunities of citizens of the several States,—­so that a legal voter in any State shall be a legal voter in all the States.

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REVIEWS AND LITERARY NOTICES.

History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent. By GEORGE BANCROFT.  Vol.  IX.  Boston:  Little, Brown, & Co.

This volume of Mr. Bancroft’s History, the ninth of the entire work and the third of the narrative of the American Revolution, comprises the period between July, 1776, and April, 1778, including the battles of Long Island and White Plains, the surrender of Fort Washington, the retreat of Washington through the Jerseys, the brilliant military successes of Trenton and Princeton, the capture of Philadelphia by Sir William Howe, and the memorable event which insured the success of the Revolution,—­the surrender of Burgoyne.  This enumeration is enough to show that, in the ground he has traversed, Mr. Bancroft has found ample scope for the display of those peculiar literary characteristics with which the readers of his former volumes are so familiar,—­his rapid and condensed narration, his sweeping and sometimes rather vague generalizations, his brilliant pictures, his pointed reflections, and the sharp, cutting strokes with which he carves rather than paints characters.  His usual diligence in the search of materials has not deserted him here; and he has been even more than usually successful in the amount and character of what he has found.  In addition to very full collections relating to the war from the archives of England and France, he has obtained large masses of papers from Germany, among which last are many of great importance, especially for the study of military operations in 1777.  Very valuable documents from the Spanish have been secured, through the courtesy of the Spanish government and the kind offices of that distinguished scholar and most amiable man, Don Pascual de Gayangos.