Aug. 19 British liner “Arabic” sunk by submarines (44 victims,
             two Americans).

Aug. 21 Italy declares war on Turkey.

Sept. 1 The German ambassador, von Bernstorff, gives assurance that
             German submarines will sink no more liners without warning.

Sept. 8 United States demands recall of Austro-Hungarian ambassador,
             Dr. Dumba.

Sept. 25- French offensive in Champagne fails to break through German
Oct. lines.

Sept. 27 Small British progress at Loos, near Lens.

Oct. 4 Russian ultimatum to Bulgaria.

Oct. 5 Allied forces land at Salonica, at the invitation of the Greek
             government.

Oct. 5 German Government regrets and disavows sinking of “Arabic” and
             is prepared to pay indemnities.

Oct. 6- Austro-German-Bulgarian conquest of Serbia; fall of Belgrade
Dec. 2 (Oct. 9), Nish (Nov. 1), Monastir (Dec. 2).

Oct. 13 Germans execute the English nurse, Edith Cavell, for aiding
             Belgians to escape from Belgium.

Oct. 14 Bulgaria declares war on Serbia.

Oct. 15-19 Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy declare war against
             Bulgaria.

Nov. 10-Apr.  Russian forces advance into Persia as a result of pro-German
             activities there.

Dec. 1 British under Gen. Townshend retreat from near Bagdad to
             Kut-el-Amara.

Dec. 3 United States Government demands recall of Capt.  Boy-Ed and
             Capt. von Papen, attaches of the German embassy.

Dec. 6 Germans capture Ipek, in Montenegro.

Dec. 15 Sir Douglas Haig succeeds Sir John French in command of the
             British army in France.

Dec. 19 British forces withdraw from parts of Gallipoli peninsula.

1916

Jan. 8 Evacuation of Gallipoli completed.

Jan. 13 Fall of Cetinje, capital of Montenegro.

Feb. 10 Germany notifies neutral powers that armed merchant ships
             will be treated as warships and will be sunk without warning.

Feb. 15 Secretary Lansing states that by international law commercial
             vessels have right to carry arms in self-defense.

Feb. 16 Germany sends note acknowledging her liability in the
             “Lusitania” affair.

Feb. 16 Russians take Erzerum, in Turkish Armenia.

Feb. 16 Kamerun (Africa) conquered.

Feb. 21- Battle of Verdun (pages 107-108). 
July

Feb. 24 President Wilson in letter to Senator Stone refuses to
             advise American citizens not to travel on armed merchant
             ships.