44.  The Executive Council shall be bound to make a yearly report of its transactions to the Volksraad.

45.  A majority of the Executive Council shall have the right to summon an extraordinary meeting of the Volksraad.

46.  The President and the Executive Council shall have the power of declaring martial law.

Chapter VII.—­The Judicial Power.

47.  The Landrost holds the power of civil commissioner and resident magistrate.

48.  The judicial power is exclusively exercised by the courts of law, which are established by the law.

49.  Legislation also regulates the administration of criminal justice, as also that in police cases, always understanding, however, that criminal cases brought in the first instance before the higher Courts are judged by a jury.

Chapter VIII.—­The Military System.

50.  The Field-Cornets shall be chosen by and out of the burghers of their wards.

51.  A Field-Commandant shall be chosen for each district, by and out of the burghers of the same.

52.  The assembled Field-Commandants and Field-Cornets who are united on a commando shall choose from amongst themselves, in case of war, their own Commandant-General, which General must then receive his instructions from the President.

53.  The assembled Field-Commandants and Field-Cornets have the right, during the course of the war, when they have just cause for so doing, to discharge the Commandant-General who had been chosen by them, and to appoint another, they being bound in that case to give notice to the President thereof, who on receipt of such announcement, and on finding the assigned reasons well founded, fixes the day on which a new election shall take place.

54.  After the war there exists no longer any Commandant-General as such.

55.  The Field-Cornets must be resident in their own wards and possess property therein.

56.  The Field-Commandants must be resident in their own districts, possess fixed property to the amount of L200, and have lived one year in the country.

Chapter IX.—­Miscellaneous Subjects.

57.  The Roman-Dutch law shall be the principal law of this State, where no other law has been made by the Volksraad.

58.  The law is for all alike, always understanding that the judge shall exercise all laws with impartiality and without respect of persons.

59.  Every inhabitant owes obedience to the law and the authorities.

60.  Right of property is guaranteed.

61.  Personal freedom, provisionally on remaining within the limitations of the law, is guaranteed.

62.  The freedom of the press is guaranteed provisionally on remaining within the law.