[21] For a plan of Abraham Martin’s property, see, The Story of the Siege and the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, by A.G.  Doughty.

[22] See Deed of Concession, p. 414, Trans.  R.S.C., 1899, by A.G.  Doughty.

[23] Father Mariana, a Jesuit, having published a book entitled, De Regi et Regis Institutione, in which he denounced tyranny and its fomenters, the court ordered that the work should be burnt, under the pretext that Ravaillac, who had assassinated Henri IV, had taken advantage of the Jesuit’s authority to excuse his murder.  It was certain that the Jesuits were the best friends of the late king.  Nevertheless, they had to suffer the hostility of a certain part of the secular clergy.  Father Coton, a Jesuit, published at once a pamphlet under the title, “Is it lawful to kill the tyrants?” in which he taught that it is not lawful to kill a king, except he abuses his authority.  An answer to the pamphlet, published anonymously, soon appeared, which was a satirical paper rather than a refutation of Father Coton’s letter.  During the same year a new satirical paper against the Jesuits was printed, entitled L’Anticoton.  It was translated into Latin.

[24] Raymond de la Ralde who was a Catholic, was the first captain of the island of Miscou, the history of which commenced in 1620.  Guillaume de Caen appointed de la Ralde as his lieutenant to protect the trade in the Gulf of St. Lawrence against the Basques and others, especially at Perce, Gaspe, and Miscou.  From the year 1627, de la Ralde ceased to be of importance, as his fortunes followed the de Caens.

[25] Champlain died within Fort St. Louis, and the Governor Montmagny had the building restored under the title of Chateau St. Louis, which name it bore until its complete demolition.

CHAPTER IX

THE COMPANY OF NEW FRANCE OR HUNDRED ASSOCIATES

In spite of Champlain’s strenuous efforts, the permanent existence of New France seemed as yet problematical.  At a time when internal peace was imperative the domination of the mercantile companies came to increase the distress of the struggling colony.  The difficulties of colonization likewise were immense, and Quebec at the period of which we write, instead of being a thriving town, had scarcely the appearance of a small village.  In the year 1627 it could boast only six private residences.  The Recollets were living at their convent, but the Jesuits had not completed their new building.  The Recollets had abandoned the Huron mission as their numbers were diminishing every year, and they were too poor to continue their ministrations without assistance.  They still held in charge the missions at Quebec and at Tadousac.  Father d’Olbeau, who had been present at the opening of the Recollet convent at Quebec, saw its doors closed.  He remained, however, at his post, and rendered valuable assistance to Champlain.