case as that of Oxford the insolence that grew out of this consciousness of the royal protection.  Here as elsewhere the Jewry was a town within a town, with its own language, its own religion and law, its peculiar commerce, its peculiar dress.  No city bailiff could penetrate into the square of little alleys which lay behind the present Town Hall; the Church itself was powerless to prevent a synagogue from rising in haughty rivalry over against the cloister of St. Frideswide.  Prior Philip of St. Frideswide complains bitterly of a certain Hebrew who stood at his door as the procession of the saint passed by, mocking at the miracles which were said to be wrought at her shrine.  Halting and then walking firmly on his feet, showing his hands clenched as if with palsy and then flinging open his fingers, the Jew claimed gifts and oblations from the crowd that flocked to St. Frideswide’s shrine on the ground that such recoveries of life and limb were quite as real as any that Frideswide ever wrought.  Sickness and death in the prior’s story avenge the saint on her blasphemer, but no earthly power, ecclesiastical or civil, seems to have ventured to deal with him.  A more daring act of fanaticism showed the temper of the Jews even at the close of Henry the Third’s reign.  As the usual procession of scholars and citizens returned from St. Frideswide’s on the Ascension Day of 1268 a Jew suddenly burst from a group of his comrades in front of the synagogue, and wrenching the crucifix from its bearer trod it under foot.  But even in presence of such an outrage as this the terror of the Crown sheltered the Oxford Jews from any burst of popular vengeance.  The sentence of the king condemned them to set up a cross of marble on the spot where the crime was committed, but even this sentence was in part remitted, and a less offensive place was found for the cross in an open plot by Merton College.

[Sidenote:  Expulsion of the Jews]

Up to Edward’s day indeed the royal protection had never wavered.  Henry the Second granted the Jews a right of burial outside every city where they dwelt.  Richard punished heavily a massacre of the Jews at York, and organized a mixed court of Jews and Christians for the registration of their contracts.  John suffered none to plunder them save himself, though he once wrested from them a sum equal to a year’s revenue of his realm.  The troubles of the next reign brought in a harvest greater than even the royal greed could reap; the Jews grew wealthy enough to acquire estates; and only a burst of popular feeling prevented a legal decision which would have enabled them to own freeholds.  But the sack of Jewry after Jewry showed the popular hatred during the Barons’ war, and at its close fell on the Jews the more terrible persecution of the law.  To the cry against usury and the religious fanaticism which threatened them was now added the jealousy with which the nation that had grown up round the Charter regarded all exceptional