husband of the king’s sister, demanded quarters for his train in Dover.  Strife arose, and many both of the burghers and foreigners were slain.  All Godwine’s better nature withstood Eadward when the king angrily bade him exact vengeance from the town for the affront to his kinsman; and he claimed a fair trial for the townsmen.  But Eadward looked on his refusal as an outrage, and the quarrel widened into open strife.  Godwine at once gathered his forces and marched upon Gloucester, demanding the expulsion of the foreign favourites.  But even in a just quarrel the country was cold in his support.  The earls of Mercia and Northumberland united their forces to those of Eadward at Gloucester, and marched with the king to a gathering of the Witenagemot at London.  Godwine again appeared in arms, but Swein’s outlawry was renewed, and the Earl of Wessex, declining with his usual prudence a useless struggle, withdrew over sea to Flanders.

[Sidenote:  Harold]

But the wrath of the nation was appeased by his fall.  Great as were Godwine’s faults, he was the one man who now stood between England and the rule of the strangers who flocked to the Court; and a year had hardly passed when he was strong enough to return.  At the appearance of his fleet in the Thames in 1052 Eadward was once more forced to yield.  The foreign prelates and bishops fled over sea, outlawed by the same meeting of the Wise men which restored Godwine to his home.  But he returned only to die, and the direction of affairs passed quietly to his son Harold.  Harold came to power unfettered by the obstacles which beset his father, and for twelve years he was the actual governor of the realm.  The courage, the ability, the genius for administration, the ambition and subtlety of Godwine were found again in his son.  In the internal government of England he followed out his father’s policy while avoiding its excesses.  Peace was preserved, justice administered, and the realm increased in wealth and prosperity.  Its gold work and embroidery became famous in the markets of Flanders and France.  Disturbances from without were crushed sternly and rapidly; Harold’s military talents displayed themselves in a campaign against Wales, and in the boldness and rapidity with which, arming his troops with weapons adapted for mountain conflict, he penetrated to the heart of its fastnesses and reduced the country to complete submission.  With the gift of the Northumbrian earldom on Siward’s death to his brother Tostig all England save a small part of the older Mercia lay in the hands of the house of Godwine, and as the waning health of the king, the death of his nephew, the son of Eadmund who had returned from Hungary as his heir, and the childhood of the AEtheling Eadgar who stood next in blood, removed obstacle after obstacle to his plans, Harold patiently but steadily moved forward to the throne.

[Sidenote:  Normandy]