was done by slaves; for the Manyuema, on being insulted, lose temper and use their spears on the nasty curs, and then vengeance is taken with guns.  Free men behave better than slaves; the bondmen are not responsible.  The Manyuema are far more beautiful than either the bond or free of Zanzibar; I overhear the remark often, “If we had Manyuema wives what beautiful children we should beget.”  The men are usually handsome, and many of the women are very pretty; hands, feet, limbs, and forms perfect in shape and the colour light-brown, but the orifices of the nose are widened by snuff-takers, who ram it up as far as they can with the finger and thumb:  the teeth are not filed, except a small space between the two upper front teeth.

5th March, 1871.—­We heard to-day that Mohamad’s people passed us on the west, with much ivory.  I lose thus twenty copper rings I was to take from them, and all the notes they were to make for me of the rivers they crossed.

6th March, 1871.—­Passed through very large villages, with many forges in active work; some men followed us, as if to fight, but we got them to turn peaceably:  we don’t know who are enemies, so many have been maltreated and had relatives killed.  The rain of yesterday made the paths so slippery that the feet of all were sorely fatigued, and on coming to Manyara’s, I resolved to rest on 7th near Mount Kimazi.  I gave a cloth and beads in lieu of a fine fat goat from the chief, a clever, good man.

9th March, 1871.—­We marched about five hours across a grassy plain without trees—­buga or prairie.  The torrid sun, nearly vertical, sent his fierce rays down, and fatigued us all:  we crossed two Sokoye streams by bridges, and slept at a village on a ridge of woodland overlooking Kasonga.  After two hours this morning, we came to villages of this chief, and at one were welcomed by the Safari of Salem Mokadam, and I was given a house.  Kasonga is a very fine young man, with European features, and “very clever and good.”  He is clever, and is pronounced good, because he eagerly joins the Arabs in marauding!  Seeing the advantage of firearms, he has bought four muskets.  Mohamad’s people were led by his, and spent all their copper for some fifty frasilahs of good ivory.  From this party men have been sent over Lualaba, and about fifty frasilahs obtained:  all praise Kasonga.  We were now only six miles from Lualaba, and yet south of Mamohela; this great river, in fact, makes a second great sweep to the west of some 130 miles, and there are at least 30’ of southing; but now it comes rolling majestically to the north, and again makes even easting.  It is a mighty stream, with many islands in it, and is never wadeable at any point or at any time of the year.