Boldly walking forward, we pushed right up to the Chinese barricades.  Nothing surprised us so much as to see the great access of strength to the Chinese positions since the early days of the siege.  Not only were we now securely hedged in by frontal trenches and barricades, but flanking such Chinese positions were great numbers of parallel defences, designed solely with the object of battering our sortie parties to pieces should we attempt to take the offensive again.  Lining these barricades and improvised forts were hundreds of men, all with their faces bronzed by the sun, and with their heads encased in black cloth fighting caps.  Relieving the sombre aspect of this headgear were numbers of brightly coloured tunics, betokening the various corps to which this soldiery belonged.  What a wonderful sight they made!  There were Tung Fu-hsiang’s artillerymen, with violet embroidered coats and blue trousers; dismounted cavalry detachments belonging to the same commander in red and black tunics and red “tiger skirts”; Jung Lu’s Peking Field Force; Manchu Bannermen; provincial levies and many others.  All these men, standing up on the top of their fortifications, made a most brilliant picture, and we looked long and eagerly.  I wish some painter of genius could have been there and caught that message.  For there were skulls and bones littering the ground, and representing all that remained of the dead enemy after the pariah dogs had finished with them.  Broken rifles and thousands of empty brass cartridge cases added to the battered look of this fiercely contested area, and down the streets the remains of every native house had been heaped together in rude imitation of a fort, with jagged loopholes placed at intervals of eight or ten inches, allowing any number of rifles to be brought into play against us under secure cover.  The men who had manned these defences had left their rifles where they were, and by peering over we could see that the majority of these fire-pieces were tied into position by means of wooden forks so as to bear a converging fire on the exposed points of our defences.  Only then did I realise how much a protracted resistance places an attacking force on the defensive.  We were afraid of one another.  Sauntering about, some of the enemy were willing to enter into conversation.  A number of things they told filled us with surprise, and made us begin to understand the complexity of the situation around us.  The Shansi levies and Tung Fu-hsiang’s men—­that is, all the soldiery from the provinces—­had but little idea of why they were attacking us; they had been sent, they said, to prevent us from breaking into the Palace and killing their Emperor.

If the foreigners had not brought so many foreign soldiers into Peking, there would have been no fighting.  They did not want to fight....  They did not want to be killed....

Somebody tried to explain to them that the Boxers had brought it all on.  But to this they answered that the Boxers were finished, driven away, discredited; there were none left in Peking, and why did we not send our own soldiers away, who had been killing so many of them.  Such things they repeated time without number; it was their only point of view.