=How the War Was Won.=—­Then how did the American army win the war?  For one thing there were delays and blunders on the part of the British generals who, in 1775 and 1776, dallied in Boston and New York with large bodies of regular troops when they might have been dealing paralyzing blows at the scattered bands that constituted the American army.  “Nothing but the supineness or folly of the enemy could have saved us,” solemnly averred Washington in 1780.  Still it is fair to say that this apparent supineness was not all due to the British generals.  The ministers behind them believed that a large part of the colonists were loyal and that compromise would be promoted by inaction rather than by a war vigorously prosecuted.  Victory by masterly inactivity was obviously better than conquest, and the slighter the wounds the quicker the healing.  Later in the conflict when the seasoned forces of France were thrown into the scale, the Americans themselves had learned many things about the practical conduct of campaigns.  All along, the British were embarrassed by the problem of supplies.  Their troops could not forage with the skill of militiamen, as they were in unfamiliar territory.  The long oversea voyages were uncertain at best and doubly so when the warships of France joined the American privateers in preying on supply boats.

The British were in fact battered and worn down by a guerrilla war and outdone on two important occasions by superior forces—­at Saratoga and Yorktown.  Stern facts convinced them finally that an immense army, which could be raised only by a supreme effort, would be necessary to subdue the colonies if that hazardous enterprise could be accomplished at all.  They learned also that America would then be alienated, fretful, and the scene of endless uprisings calling for an army of occupation.  That was a price which staggered even Lord North and George III.  Moreover, there were forces of opposition at home with which they had to reckon.

=Women and the War.=—­At no time were the women of America indifferent to the struggle for independence.  When it was confined to the realm of opinion they did their part in creating public sentiment.  Mrs. Elizabeth Timothee, for example, founded in Charleston, in 1773, a newspaper to espouse the cause of the province.  Far to the north the sister of James Otis, Mrs. Mercy Warren, early begged her countrymen to rest their case upon their natural rights, and in influential circles she urged the leaders to stand fast by their principles.  While John Adams was tossing about with uncertainty at the Continental Congress, his wife was writing letters to him declaring her faith in “independency.”