and that the colonists could not, from the nature of the case, be represented in Parliament.  It went on shrewdly to submit to consideration the question as to whether any people could be called free who were subjected to governors and judges appointed by the crown and paid out of funds raised independently.  It invited the other colonies, in the most temperate tones, to take thought about the common predicament in which they were all placed.

[Illustration:  From an old print.

SAMUEL ADAMS]

=The Dissolution of Assemblies.=—­The governor of Massachusetts, hearing of the Circular Letter, ordered the assembly to rescind its appeal.  On meeting refusal, he promptly dissolved it.  The Maryland, Georgia, and South Carolina assemblies indorsed the Circular Letter and were also dissolved at once.  The Virginia House of Burgesses, thoroughly aroused, passed resolutions on May 16, 1769, declaring that the sole right of imposing taxes in Virginia was vested in its legislature, asserting anew the right of petition to the crown, condemning the transportation of persons accused of crimes or trial beyond the seas, and beseeching the king for a redress of the general grievances.  The immediate dissolution of the Virginia assembly, in its turn, was the answer of the royal governor.

=The Boston Massacre.=—­American opposition to the British authorities kept steadily rising as assemblies were dissolved, the houses of citizens searched, and troops distributed in increasing numbers among the centers of discontent.  Merchants again agreed not to import British goods, the Sons of Liberty renewed their agitation, and women set about the patronage of home products still more loyally.

On the night of March 5, 1770, a crowd on the streets of Boston began to jostle and tease some British regulars stationed in the town.  Things went from bad to worse until some “boys and young fellows” began to throw snowballs and stones.  Then the exasperated soldiers fired into the crowd, killing five and wounding half a dozen more.  The day after the “massacre,” a mass meeting was held in the town and Samuel Adams was sent to demand the withdrawal of the soldiers.  The governor hesitated and tried to compromise.  Finding Adams relentless, the governor yielded and ordered the regulars away.

The Boston Massacre stirred the country from New Hampshire to Georgia.  Popular passions ran high.  The guilty soldiers were charged with murder.  Their defense was undertaken, in spite of the wrath of the populace, by John Adams and Josiah Quincy, who as lawyers thought even the worst offenders entitled to their full rights in law.  In his speech to the jury, however, Adams warned the British government against its course, saying, that “from the nature of things soldiers quartered in a populous town will always occasion two mobs where they will prevent one.”  Two of the soldiers were convicted and lightly punished.

=Resistance in the South.=—­The year following the Boston Massacre some citizens of North Carolina, goaded by the conduct of the royal governor, openly resisted his authority.  Many were killed as a result and seven who were taken prisoners were hanged as traitors.  A little later royal troops and local militia met in a pitched battle near Alamance River, called the “Lexington of the South.”