American Dominions in the Pacific (color map) Facing 500

The Caribbean Region (color map) Facing 592

Battle Lines of the Various Years of the World War 613

Europe in 1919 (color map) Between 618-619

“THE NATIONS OF THE WEST” (popularly called “The Pioneers"), designed by A. Stirling Calder and modeled by Mr. Calder, F.G.R.  Roth, and Leo Lentelli, topped the Arch of the Setting Sun at the Panama-Pacific Exposition held at San Francisco in 1915.  Facing the Court of the Universe moves a group of men and women typical of those who have made our civilization.  From left to right appear the French-Canadian, the Alaskan, the Latin-American, the German, the Italian, the Anglo-American, and the American Indian, squaw and warrior.  In the place of honor in the center of the group, standing between the oxen on the tongue of the prairie schooner, is a figure, beautiful and almost girlish, but strong, dignified, and womanly, the Mother of To-morrow.  Above the group rides the Spirit of Enterprise, flanked right and left by the Hopes of the Future in the person of two boys.  The group as a whole is beautifully symbolic of the westward march of American civilization.

[Illustration:  Photograph by Cardinell-Vincent Co., San Francisco

“THE NATIONS OF THE WEST”]

HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES

PART I. THE COLONIAL PERIOD

CHAPTER I

THE GREAT MIGRATION TO AMERICA

The tide of migration that set in toward the shores of North America during the early years of the seventeenth century was but one phase in the restless and eternal movement of mankind upon the surface of the earth.  The ancient Greeks flung out their colonies in every direction, westward as far as Gaul, across the Mediterranean, and eastward into Asia Minor, perhaps to the very confines of India.  The Romans, supported by their armies and their government, spread their dominion beyond the narrow lands of Italy until it stretched from the heather of Scotland to the sands of Arabia.  The Teutonic tribes, from their home beyond the Danube and the Rhine, poured into the empire of the Caesars and made the beginnings of modern Europe.  Of this great sweep of races and empires the settlement of America was merely a part.  And it was, moreover, only one aspect of the expansion which finally carried the peoples, the institutions, and the trade of Europe to the very ends of the earth.

In one vital point, it must be noted, American colonization differed from that of the ancients.  The Greeks usually carried with them affection for the government they left behind and sacred fire from the altar of the parent city; but thousands of the immigrants who came to America disliked the state and disowned the church of the mother country.  They established compacts of government for themselves and set up altars of their own.  They sought not only new soil to till but also political and religious liberty for themselves and their children.