14.  Name the chief results of an “industrial revolution” in general.  In the South, in particular.

15.  What courses were open to freedmen in 1865?

16.  Give the main features in the economic and social status of the colored population in the South.

17.  Explain why the race question is national now, rather than sectional.

=Research Topics=

=Amnesty for Confederates.=—­Study carefully the provisions of the fourteenth amendment in the Appendix.  Macdonald, Documentary Source Book of American History, pp. 470 and 564.  A plea for amnesty in Harding, Select Orations Illustrating American History, pp. 467-488.

=Political Conditions in the South in 1868.=—­Dunning, Reconstruction, Political and Economic (American Nation Series), pp. 109-123; Hart, American History Told by Contemporaries, Vol.  IV, pp. 445-458, 497-500; Elson, History of the United States, pp. 799-805.

=Movement for White Supremacy.=—­Dunning, Reconstruction, pp. 266-280; Paxson, The New Nation (Riverside Series), pp. 39-58; Beard, American Government and Politics, pp. 454-457.

=The Withdrawal of Federal Troops from the South.=—­Sparks, National Development (American Nation Series), pp. 84-102; Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol.  VIII, pp. 1-12.

=Southern Industry.=—­Paxson, The New Nation, pp. 192-207; T.M.  Young, The American Cotton Industry, pp. 54-99.

=The Race Question.=—­B.T.  Washington, Up From Slavery (sympathetic presentation); A.H.  Stone, Studies in the American Race Problem (coldly analytical); Hart, Contemporaries, Vol.  IV, pp. 647-649, 652-654, 663-669.

CHAPTER XVII

BUSINESS ENTERPRISE AND THE REPUBLICAN PARTY

If a single phrase be chosen to characterize American life during the generation that followed the age of Douglas and Lincoln, it must be “business enterprise”—­the tremendous, irresistible energy of a virile people, mounting in numbers toward a hundred million and applied without let or hindrance to the developing of natural resources of unparalleled richness.  The chief goal of this effort was high profits for the captains of industry, on the one hand; and high wages for the workers, on the other.  Its signs, to use the language of a Republican orator in 1876, were golden harvest fields, whirling spindles, turning wheels, open furnace doors, flaming forges, and chimneys filled with eager fire.  The device blazoned on its shield and written over its factory doors was “prosperity.”  A Republican President was its “advance agent.”  Released from the hampering interference of the Southern planters and the confusing issues of the slavery controversy, business enterprise sprang forward to the task of winning the entire country.  Then it flung its outposts to the uttermost parts of the earth—­Europe, Africa, and the Orient—­where were to be found markets for American goods and natural resources for American capital to develop.