[Illustration:  DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION, 1830]

With the increase in population and the growth of agriculture came political influence.  People who had once petitioned Congress now sent their own representatives.  Men who had hitherto accepted without protests Presidents from the seaboard expressed a new spirit of dissent in 1824 by giving only three electoral votes for John Quincy Adams; and four years later they sent a son of the soil from Tennessee, Andrew Jackson, to take Washington’s chair as chief executive of the nation—­the first of a long line of Presidents from the Mississippi basin.

=References=

W.G.  Brown, The Lower South in American History.

B.A.  Hinsdale, The Old North West (2 vols.).

A.B.  Hulbert, Great American Canals and The Cumberland Road.

T. Roosevelt, Thomas H. Benton.

P.J.  Treat, The National Land System (1785-1820).

F.J.  Turner, Rise of the New West (American Nation Series).

J. Winsor, The Westward Movement.

=Questions=

1.  How did the West come to play a role in the Revolution?

2.  What preparations were necessary to settlement?

3.  Give the principal provisions of the Northwest Ordinance.

4.  Explain how freehold land tenure happened to predominate in the West.

5.  Who were the early settlers in the West?  What routes did they take?  How did they travel?

6.  Explain the Eastern opposition to the admission of new Western states.  Show how it was overcome.

7.  Trace a connection between the economic system of the West and the spirit of the people.

8.  Who were among the early friends of Western development?

9.  Describe the difficulties of trade between the East and the West.

10.  Show how trade was promoted.

=Research Topics=

=Northwest Ordinance.=—­Analysis of text in Macdonald, Documentary Source Book.  Roosevelt, Winning of the West, Vol.  V, pp. 5-57.

=The West before the Revolution.=—­Roosevelt, Vol.  I.

=The West during the Revolution.=—­Roosevelt, Vols.  II and III.

=Tennessee.=—­Roosevelt, Vol.  V, pp. 95-119 and Vol.  VI, pp. 9-87.

=The Cumberland Road.=—­A.B.  Hulbert, The Cumberland Road.

=Early Life in the Middle West.=—­Callender, Economic History of the United States, pp. 617-633; 636-641.

=Slavery in the Southwest.=—­Callender, pp. 641-652.

=Early Land Policy.=—­Callender, pp. 668-680.

=Westward Movement of Peoples.=—­Roosevelt, Vol.  IV, pp. 7-39.

Lists of books dealing with the early history of Western states are given in Hart, Channing, and Turner, Guide to the Study and Reading of American History (rev. ed.), pp. 62-89.

=Kentucky.=—­Roosevelt, Vol.  IV, pp. 176-263.