The sachem of the tribe is selected by the men belonging to the council of the tribe.  Formerly the sachemship inhered in the Bear gens, but at present he is chosen from the Deer gens, from the fact, as the Wyandots say, that death has carried away all the wise men of the Bear gens.

The chief of the Wolf gens is the herald and the sheriff of the tribe.  He superintends the erection of the council-house and has the care of it.  He calls the council together in a formal manner when directed by the sachem.  He announces to the tribe all the decisions of the council, and executes the directions of the council and of the sachem.

Gentile councils are held frequently from day to day and from week to week, and are called by the chief whenever deemed necessary.  When matters before the council are considered of great importance, a grand council of the gens may be called.

The tribal council is held regularly on the night of the full moon of each lunation and at such other times as the sachem may determine; but extra councils are usually called by the sachem at the request of a number of councilors.

Meetings of the gentile councils are very informal, but the meetings of the tribal councils are conducted with due ceremony.  When all the persons are assembled, the chief of the Wolf gens calls them to order, fills and lights a pipe, sends one puff of smoke to the heavens and another to the earth.  The pipe is then handed to the sachem, who fills his mouth with smoke, and, turning from left to right with the sun, slowly puffs it out over the heads of the councilors, who are sitting in a circle.  He then hands the pipe to the man on his left, and it is smoked in turn by each person until it has been passed around the circle.  The sachem then explains the object for which the council is called.  Each person in the way and manner he chooses tells what he thinks should be done in the case.  If a majority of the council is agreed as to action, the sachem does not speak, but may simply announce the decision.  But in some cases there may be protracted debate, which is carried on with great deliberation.  In case of a tie, the sachem is expected to speak.

It is considered dishonorable for any man to reverse his decision after having spoken.

Such are the organic elements of the Wyandot government.

FUNCTIONS OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT.

It is the function of government to preserve rights and enforce the performance of duties.  Rights and duties are co-relative.  Rights imply duties, and duties imply rights.  The right inhering in the party of the first part imposes a duty on the party of the second part.  The right and its co-relative duty are inseparable parts of a relation that must be maintained by government; and the relations which governments are established to maintain may be treated under the general head of rights.

In Wyandot government these rights may be classed as follows: