the proper dress of her sex, but also of having acted the part of a man, she said:  ’As to women’s occupation there are plenty of them to occupy themselves with such things’; and to the second question, when taunted with having carried out her mission with violence and slaughter, she answered:  ’I implored at the commencement of my mission that peace might be made, while, at the same time, I declared that if that was not agreed to, I was willing to fight.’  When she was accused of having made war on the Burgundians and the English alike, she made the distinguishing difference between them by saying:—­’As to the Duke of Burgundy, I wrote to him, and asked him through his envoys that peace should be made between him and my King.  As regards the English, the only peace that could be made with them is when they have returned to England.’  The Maid’s natural modesty and simplicity are apparent in a circumstance which occurred in one of those long days of searching examination and cross-questioning.  When the sentence she had used, and which had been noted down in the minutes of an early day of the trial, was read as follows:  ’All that I have done has been done by the advice of my Saviour,’ she stopped the clerk, and said that it should stand thus:  ’All that I have done well has been done by the advice of my Saviour.’  When she was asked by what form of words she prayed to her Saints to come to her assistance, she repeated the following prayer:—­’Very blessed God, in honour of your holy Passion, I beseech you, if you love me, that you will reveal to me what I am to answer these Churchmen.  I know concerning the dress the reason for which I have adopted it, but I know not in what manner I am to discard it.  For this thing I beseech you to tell me what to do.’  And she added that after this prayer her voices were soon heard.

On the 31st of March, Cauchon, accompanied by the Vice-Inquisitor and some other of the judges, had an interview with the prisoner.  They again inquired of Joan of Arc whether she submitted herself wholly and entirely into the hands of the Church Militant.  She answered that if such were her Saviour’s wish she was quite willing to do so.  The accusations were now set forth afresh, in twelve chief heads or articles, under which the series of calumnies was summarised before they should be submitted to the University of Paris.  These twelve heads, which formed the foundation of Joan of Arc’s condemnation, were never shown her; and she had therefore no chance of contradicting any of the grossly false charges of which they were full.  Like the trial itself, these articles were merely a sham invented for the purpose of throwing dust in the eyes of the people, who by these, it was hoped, would be persuaded that the law of the Church and State had been acted up to.  The heads of these articles were as follows:—­

First—­A woman pretends to have had communication with Saints from her thirteenth year; and she affirms that they have counselled her to dress in male attire; she affirms that she has found her salvation, and refuses to submit herself to the Church.