and escaped to Cologne.  He promised that if Vocula would provide him with troops, he would go to the Batavi and win back the better part of their community to the Roman alliance.  He was given a small force of horse and foot.  Without venturing any attempt upon the Batavi, he attracted a few of the Nervii and Baetasii[393] to his standard, and proceeded to harass the Canninefates and Marsaci[393] more by stealth than open warfare.

Lured by the treachery of the Gauls, Vocula marched out against 57 his enemy.[394] Not far from Vetera, Classicus and Tutor rode forward[395] on a pretext of scouting, and ratified their compact with the German leaders.  They were now for the first time separated from the legions, and entrenched themselves in a camp of their own.  At this, Vocula loudly protested that Rome was not as yet so shattered by civil war as to earn the contempt of tribes like the Treviri and Lingones.  She could still rely on loyal provinces and victorious armies, on the good fortune of the empire and the avenging hand of God.  Thus it was that in former days Sacrovir and the Aedui,[396] more lately Vindex and the Gallic provinces had each been crushed at a single battle.  Now, again, these treaty-breakers must expect to face the same powers of Providence and Destiny.  The sainted Julius and the sainted Augustus had understood these people better:  it was Galba’s reduction of the tribute[397] that had clothed them in enmity and pride.  ’They are our enemies to-day because their yoke is easy:  when they have been stripped and plundered they will be our friends.’  After these spirited words, seeing that Classicus and Tutor still persisted in their treachery, he turned back and retired to Novaesium, while the Gauls encamped a couple of miles away.  Thither the centurions and soldiers flocked to sell their souls.  This was, indeed, an unheard of villainy that Roman soldiers should swear allegiance to a foreign power, and offer as a pledge for this heinous crime either to kill or imprison their generals.  Though many urged Vocula to escape, he felt that he must make a bold stand, so he summoned a meeting and spoke somewhat as follows:—­’Never before have I addressed you with such 58 feelings of anxiety for you, or with such indifference to my own fate.  That plans are being laid for my destruction I am glad enough to hear:  in such a parlous case as this I look for death as the end of all my troubles.  It is for you that I feel shame and pity.  It is not that a field of battle awaits you, for that would only accord with the laws of warfare and the just rights of combatants, but because Classicus hopes that with your hands he can make war upon the Roman people, and flourishes before you an oath of allegiance to the Empire of All Gaul.  What though fortune and courage have deserted us for the moment, have we not glorious examples in the past?  How often have not Roman soldiers chosen to die rather than be driven from their post?  Often have our allies