the rivers of Babylon, and weep ‘deliberate tears.’  There were pages in his past life that it was the very pains of hell to old Cardoness to read; but he performed the hard task, and thus was brought much nearer salvation than even his old pastor knew.  ’It will take a long lance to go to the bottom of your heart, my friend,’ wrote Rutherford, faithfully, and, at the same time, most respectfully, to the old man.  ’Human nature is lofty and head-strong in you, and it will cost you far more suffering to be mortified and sanctified than it costs the ordinary run of men.’  And, instead of that plain speech offending or angering the old laird, it had the very opposite effect; it softened him, and humbled him, and encouraged him, and gave him new strength for the hard task on which he was day and night employed.

Cardoness was a small property, heavily bonded, and some of the leaves that were hardest to read in the diary of Gordon’s early manhood told the bitter history of some added bonds.  Sin would need to be sweet, for it is very dear.  And then had come years of rack-renting of his tenants; the virtuous tenantry had to pay dearly for the vices of their lord.  Rutherford had not been silent to old Cardoness about this matter in conversation, and he was not silent in his letters.  ’You are now upon the very borders of the other life.  I told you, when I was with you, the whole counsel of God in this matter, and I tell it you again.  Awake to righteousness.  Do not lay the burden of your house on other people; do not compel honest people to pay your old debts.  Commit to memory 1 Sam. xii. 3, and ride out among your tenantry, my dear people, repeating, as you pass their stables and their cattle-stalls, “Behold, I am old and grey-headed; behold, here I am:  whose ox have I taken?  Whose ass have I taken?  Whom have I defrauded?  Whom have I oppressed?” I charge you to write to me here at once, and be plain with me, and tell me whether your salvation is sure.  I hope for the best; but I know that your reckonings with the righteous Judge are both many and deep.’  That was a hard task to set to a tyrannical old landlord who had been used to call no man master, or God either, to take such commands from a poor banished minister!  But Cardoness did it.  He mastered his rising pride and resentment and did it; and though he found it a hard task to go through with his reductions at next rent-day, yet he did it.  Such boldness in the Day of Judgment will a good conscience give a man, as when old Cardoness actually stood up before the parishioners in the kirk of Anwoth and read to them, after the elders had conducted the exercises, a letter he had received last week from their silenced minister.  It is one of Rutherford’s longest and most passionate letters.  Take a sentence or two out of it:  ’My soul longeth exceedingly to hear whether there be any work of Christ in the parish that will bide the trial of fire and water.  I think of my people in my sleep.  You know how