ad judicium Romani Antistitis evocatus venire neglexerit, per Moderatorem ejusdem Provinciae adesse cogatur, per omnia servatis quae Divi parentes nostri Romanae Ecclesiae detulerunt, Aeti pater carissime Augusti.  Unde illustris & praeclara magnificentia tua praesentis Edictalis Legis auctoritate faciet quae sunt superius statuta servari, decem librarum auri multa protinus exigenda ab unoquoque Judice qui passus fuerit praecepta nostra violari.  Divinitas te servet per multos annos, parens carissime.  Dat. viii._ Id.  Jun.  Romae, Valentiniano A. vi. Consule_, A.C. 445.  By this Edict the Emperor Valentinian enjoined an absolute obedience to the will of the Bishop of Rome thro’out all the Churches of his Empire; and declares, that for the Bishops to attempt any thing without the Pope’s authority is contrary to antient custom, and that the Bishops summoned to appear before his judicature must be carried thither by the Governor of the Province; and he ascribes these privileges of the See of Rome to the concessions of his dead Ancestors, that is, to the Edict of Gratian and Valentinian II. as above:  by which reckoning this dominion of the Church of Rome was now of 66 years standing:  and if in all this time it had not been sufficiently established, this new Edict was enough to settle it beyond all question thro’out the Western Empire.

Hence all the Bishops of the Province of Arles in their Letter to Pope Leo, A.C. 450, petitioning for a restitution of the privileges of their Metropolitan, say:  Per beatum Petrum Apostolorum principem, sacrosancta Ecclesia Romana tenebat supra omnes totius mundi Ecclesias principatum.  And Ceratius, Salonius and Veranus, three Bishops of Gallia, say, in their Epistle to the same Pope:  Magna praeterea & ineffabili quadam nos peculiares tui gratulatione succrescimus, quod illa specialis doctrinae vestrae pagina ita per omnium Ecclesiarum conventicula celebratur, ut vere consona omnium sententia declaretur; merito illic principatum Sedis Apostolicae constitutum, unde adhuc Apostolici spiritus oracula reserentur.  And Leo himself, in [16] his Epistle to the metropolitan Bishops thro’out Illyricum:  Quia per omnes Ecclesias cura nostra distenditur, exigente hoc a nobis Domino, qui Apostolicae dignitatis beatissimo Apostolo Petro primatum, fidei sui remuneratione commisit, universalem Ecclesiam in fundamenti ipsius soliditate constituens.

While this Ecclesiastical Dominion was rising up, the northern barbarous nations invaded the Western Empire, and founded several kingdoms therein, of different religions from the Church of Rome.  But these kingdoms by degrees embraced the Roman faith, and at the same time submitted to the Pope’s authority.  The Franks in Gaul submitted in the end of the fifth Century, the Goths in Spain in the end of the sixth; and the Lombards