beginning of the next year, dating the years of Honorius from the death of Valentinian; and argues well, that at this time Pharamond was not only King by the constitution of the Franks, but crowned also by the consent of Honorius, and had a part of Gallia assigned him by covenant.  And this might be the cause that Roman writers reckoned him the first King:  which some not understanding, have reputed him the founder of this kingdom by an army of the Transrhenane Franks.  He might come with such an army, but he succeeded Theudomir by right of blood and consent of the people.  For the above cited passage of Fredigarius, Extinctis Ducibus, in Francis denuo Reges creantur ex eadem stirpe qua prius fuerant, implies that the kingdom continued to this new elected family during the reign of more Kings than one.  If you date the years of Honorius from the death of his father, the reign of Pharamond might begin two years later than is assigned by Bucher.  The Salique laws made in his reign, which are yet extant, shew by their name that it was the kingdom of the Salii over which he reigned; and, by the pecuniary mulcts in them, that the place where he reigned abounded much with money, and consequently was within the Empire; rude Germany knowing not the use of money, till they mixed with the Romans.  In the Preface also to the Salique laws, written and prefixed to them soon after the conversion of the Franks to the Christian religion, that is, in the end of the reign of Merovaeus, or soon after, the original of this kingdom is thus described:  Haec enim gens, quae fortis dum esset & robore valida, Romanorum jugum durissimum de suis cervicibus excussit pugnando, &c.  This kingdom therefore was erected, not by invasion but by rebellion, as was described above. Prosper in registering their Kings in order, tells us:  Pharamundus regnat in Francia; Clodio regnat in Francia; Merovaeus regnat in Francia:  and who can imagine but that in all these places he meant one and the same Francia?  And yet ’tis certain that the Francia of Merovaeus was in Gallia.

Yet the father of Pharamond, being king of a body of Franks in Germany in the reign of the Emperor Theodosius, as above, Pharamond might reign over the same Franks in Germany before he succeeded Theudomir in the kingdom of the Salians within the Empire, and even before Theudomir began his reign; suppose in the first year of Honorius, or when those Franks being repulsed by Stilico, lost their Kings Marcomir and Suno, one of which was the father of Pharamond:  and the Roman Franks, after the death of Theudomir, might invite Pharamond with his people from beyond the Rhine.  But we are not to regard the