What would probably be the nature of such world and of such creatures, in a physical point of view? and what, in a moral point of view?  It is not necessary to divide these questions:  for the one so bears upon the other, or rather the latter so directs and pervades the former, that we may briefly treat of both as one.

The first probability would be, that, as the creature Man so to be abased and so to be exalted must be a responsible and reasonable being, every thing—­with miraculous exceptions just enough to prove the rule—­every thing around him should also be responsible and reasonable.  In other words, that, with such exceptions as before alluded to, the whole texture of this world should bear to an inquisitive intellect the stamp of cause and effect:  whilst for the mass, such cause and effect should be so little intrusive, that their easier religion might recognise God in all things immediately, rather than mediately.  For instance:  take the cases of stone, and of coal; the one so needful for man’s architecture, the other for his culinary warmth.  Now, however simple piety might well thank the Maker for having so stored earth with these for necessary uses; they ought, to a more learned, though not less pious ken, to seem not to have been created by an effort of the Great Father qua stone, or qua coal.  Such a view might satisfy the ordinary mind:  but thinkers would see no occasion for a miracle; when Christ raises Lazarus from the dead, it would have been a philosophical fault to have found the grave-clothes and swathing bandages ready loosened also.  Unassisted man can do that:  and unhelped common causes can generate stone and coal.  The deposits of undated floods, the periodical currents of lava, the still and stagnant lake, and the furious up-bursting earthquake; all these would be called into play, and not the unrequired, I had almost said unreasonable, energies, which we call miracle.  An agglutination of shells, once peopled with life; a crystallized lump of segregate minerals, once in a molten state; a mass of carbonated foliage and trunks of tropical trees, buried by long changes under the soil, whereover they had once waved greenly luxuriant; these, and no other, should have been man’s stone and coal.  This instance affects the reasonableness of such material creation.  Take another, bearing upon its analogous responsibilities.  As there was to be warred in this world the contest between good and evil, it would be expectable that the crust of man’s earth, anteriorly to man’s existence on it, should be marked with some traces that the evil, though newly born so far as might regard man’s own disobedience, nevertheless had existed antecedently.  In other words:  it was probable that there should exist geological evidences of suffering and death:  that the gigantic ichthyosaurus should be found fixed in rock with his cruel jaws closed upon his prey:  that the fearful iguanodon should leave the tracks of having desolated a whole region