Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 3 eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 690 pages of information about Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 3.

Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 3 eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 690 pages of information about Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 3.

These data from Chinese authorities are on the whole confirmed by the Cambojan inscriptions.  Rudravarman is mentioned[258] and the kings claim to belong to the race of Kaundinya.[259] This is the name of a Brahman gotra, but such designations were often borne by Kshatriyas and the conqueror of Camboja probably belonged to that caste.  It may be affirmed with some certainty that he started from south-eastern India and possibly he sailed from Mahabalipur (also called the Seven Pagodas).  Masulipatam was also a port of embarcation for the East and was connected with Broach by a trade route running through Tagara, now Ter in the Nizam’s dominions.  By using this road, it was possible to avoid the west coast, which was infested by pirates.

The earliest Cambojan inscriptions date from the beginning of the seventh century and are written in an alphabet closely resembling that of the inscriptions in the temple of Papanatha at Pattadkal in the Bijapur district.[260] They are composed in Sanskrit verse of a somewhat exuberant style, which revels in the commonplaces of Indian poetry.  The deities most frequently mentioned are Siva by himself and Siva united with Vishnu in the form Hari-Hara.  The names of the kings end in Varman and this termination is also specially frequent in names of the Pallava dynasty.[261] The magnificent monuments still extant attest a taste for architecture on a large scale similar to that found among the Dravidians.  These and many other indications justify the conclusion that the Indian civilization and religion which became predominant in Camboja were imported from the Deccan.

The Chinese accounts distinctly mention two invasions, one under Ch’iao-ch’en-ju (Kaundinya) about 400 A.D. and one considerably anterior to 265 under Hun-T’ien.  It might be supposed that this name also represents Kaundinya and that there is a confusion of dates.  But the available evidence is certainly in favour of the establishment of Hindu civilization in Fu-nan long before 400 A.D. and there is nothing improbable in the story of the two invasions and even of two Kaundinyas.  Maspero suggests that the first invasion came from Java and formed part of the same movement which founded the kingdom of Champa.  It is remarkable that an inscription in Sanskrit found on the east coast of Borneo and apparently dating from the fifth century mentions Kundagga as the grandfather of the reigning king, and the Liang annals say that the king of Poli (probably in Borneo but according to some in Sumatra) was called Ch’iao-ch’en-ju.  It seems likely that the Indian family of Kaundinya was established somewhere in the South Seas (perhaps in Java) at an early period and thence invaded various countries at various times.  But Fu-nan is a vague geographical term and it may be that Hun-T’ien founded a Hindu dynasty in Champa.

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