Coedes, “Documents sur la Dynastie de Sukhodaya,” ib. 1917, No. 2.

Much curious information may be found in the Directory for Bangkok and Siam, a most interesting book.  I have only the issue for 1907.

I have adopted the conventional European spelling for such words as may be said to have one.  For other words I have followed Pallegoix’s dictionary (1896) for rendering the vowels and tones in Roman characters, but have departed in some respects from his system of transliterating consonants as I think it unnecessary and misleading to write j and x for sounds which apparently correspond to y and ch as pronounced in English.

The King of Siam has published a work on the spelling of His Majesty’s own language in Latin letters which ought to be authoritative, but it came into my hands too late for me to modify the orthography here adopted.

As Pallegoix’s spelling involves the use of a great many accents I have sometimes begun by using the strictly correct orthography and afterwards a simpler but intelligible form.  It should be noted that in this orthography “:”  is not a colon but a sign that the vowel before it is very short.]

[Footnote 189:  The name is found on Champan inscriptions of 1050 A.D. and according to Gerini appears in Ptolemy’s Samarade = Samarattha.  See Gerini, Ptolemy, p. 170.  But Samarade is located near Bangkok and there can hardly have been Tais there in Ptolemy’s time.]

[Footnote 190:  So too in Central Asia Kustana appears to be a learned distortion of the name Khotan, made to give it a meaning in Sanskrit.]

[Footnote 191:  Gerini states (Ptolemy, p. 107) that there are Pali manuscript chronicles of Lamphun apparently going back to 924 A.D.]

[Footnote 192:  Strictly Sukhothai.]

[Footnote 193:  Phongsa va:  dan or Vamsavada.  See for Siamese chronicles, B.E.F.E.O. 1914, No. 3, “Recension palie des annales d’Ayuthia,” and ibid. 1916, pp. 5-7.]

[Footnote 194:  E.g. Aymonier in J.A. 1903, p. 186, and Gerini in Journal of Siam Society, vol.  II. part 1, 1905.]

[Footnote 195:  See especially Fournereau and the publications of the Mission Pavie and B.E.F.E.O.]

[Footnote 196:  Gerini, Ptolemy, p. 176.]

[Footnote 197:  See Fournereau, I. p. 225. B.E.F.E.O. 1916, III. pp. 8-13, and especially Bradley in J.  Siam Society, 1909, pp. 1-68.]

[Footnote 198:  This alphabet appears to be borrowed from Cambojan but some of the letters particularly in their later shapes show the influence of the Mon or Talaing script.  The modern Cambojan alphabet, which is commonly used for ecclesiastical purposes in Siam, is little more than an elaborate form of Siamese.]

[Footnote 199:  See B.E.F.E.O. 1904, p. 161.]

[Footnote 200:  Bradley, J.  Siam Society, 1913, p. 10, seems to think that Pali Buddhism may have come thence but the objection is that we know a good deal about the religion of Camboja and that there is no trace of Pali Buddhism there until it was imported from Siam.  The fact that the Siamese alphabet was borrowed from Camboja does not prove that religion was borrowed in the same way.  The Mongol alphabet can be traced to a Nestorian source.]