[Footnote 111:  See Bowden in J.R.A.S. 1893, pp. 159 ff.  The account refers to the Malwatte Monastery.  But it would appear that the Patimokkha is recited in country places when a sufficient number of monks meet on Uposatha days.]

[Footnote 112:  Even the poets were mostly Bhikkhus.  Sinhalese literature contains a fair number of historical and philosophical works but curiously little about law.  See Jolly, Recht und Sitte, p. 44.]

[Footnote 113:  E.g. in the Atanatiya sutta (Dig.  Nik.  XXXII.) friendly spirits teach a spell by which members of the order may protect themselves against evil ones and in Jataka 159 the Peacock escapes danger by reciting every day a hymn to the sun and the praises of past Buddhas.  See also Bunyiu, Nanjios Catalogue, Nos. 487 and 800.]

[Footnote 114:  See for an account of the Maha Saman Devale, Ceylon Ant. July, 1916.]

[Footnote 115:  So a mediaeval inscription at Mahintale of Mahinda IV records the foundation of Buddhist edifices and a temple to a goddess. Ep.  Zeyl. I. p. 103.]

[Footnote 116:  Similarly in a religious procession described in the Mahavamsa (XCIX. 52; about 1750 A.D.) there were “men in the dress of Brahmas.”]

[Footnote 117:  Rock Edicts, II. and XIII.  Three inscriptions of Asoka have been found in Mysore.]

[Footnote 118:  The Manimegalei even mentions six systems of philosophy which are not the ordinary Darsanas but Lokayatam, Bauddham, Sankhyam, Naiyayikam, Vaiseshikam, Mimamsakam.]

[Footnote 119:  Kan-chih-pu-lo.  Watters, Yuan Chuang, II. 226.  The identification is not without difficulties and it has been suggested that the town is really Negapatam.  The Life of the pilgrim says that it was on the coast, but he does not say so himself and his biographer may have been mistaken.]

[Footnote 120:  See art. by Rhys Davids in E.R.E.]

[Footnote 121:  See Forchhammer, Jardine Prize Essay, 1885, pp. 24 ff.]

[Footnote 122:  Author of the Abhidhammattha-sangaha.]

[Footnote 123:  Some have been published by the P.T.  Society.]

CHAPTER XXXVI

BURMA

1

Until recent times Burma remained somewhat isolated and connected with foreign countries by few ties.  The chronicles contain a record of long and generally peaceful intercourse with Ceylon, but this though important for religion and literature had little political effect.  The Chinese occasionally invaded Upper Burma and demanded tribute but the invasions were brief and led to no permanent occupation.  On the west Arakan was worried by the Viceroys of the Mogul Emperors and on the east the Burmese frequently invaded Siam.  But otherwise from the beginning of authentic history until the British annexation Burma was left to itself and had not, like so many Asiatic states,