[Footnote 1092:  Krishnajanmashtami, Memoirs of Academy of Berlin, 1867.]

[Footnote 1093:  In spite of making enquiry I have never seen or heard of these representations of a stable myself.  As Senart points out (Legende, p. 336) all the personages who play a part in Krishna’s early life are shown in these tableaux in one group, but this does not imply that shepherds and their flocks are supposed to be present at his birth.]

[Footnote 1094:  Though the ordinary legend does not say that Krishna was born in a stable yet it does associate him with cattle.]

[Footnote 1095:  Pargiter, Dynasties of the Kali age, p. xviii.]

[Footnote 1096:  Commentary on Panini, 2. 3. 36, 3. 1. 36 and 3. 2. 111.  It seems probable that Patanjali knew the story of Krishna and Kamsa substantially as it is recounted in the Harivamsa.]

[Footnote 1097:  Section 337.  A journey to Svetadvipa is also related in the Kathasarit sagara, LIV.]

[Footnote 1098:  The most accessible statement of the geographical fancies here referred to is in Vishnu Purana, Book II, chap.  IV.  The Sea of Milk is the sixth of the seven concentric seas which surround Jambudvipa and Mt.  Meru.  It divides the sixth of the concentric continents or Sakadvipa from the seventh or Pushkara-dvipa.  The inhabitants of Sakadvipa worship Vishnu as the Sun and have this much reality that at any rate, according to the Vishnu and Bhavishya Puranas, they are clearly Iranian Sun-worshippers whose priests are called Magas or Mrigas.  Pushkara-dvipa is a terrestrial paradise:  the inhabitants live a thousand years, are of the same nature as the gods and free from sorrow and sin.  “The three Vedas, the Puranas, Ethics and Polity are unknown” among them and “there are no distinctions of caste or order:  there are no fixed institutes.”  The turn of fancy which located this non-Brahmanic Utopia in the north seems akin to that which led the Greeks to talk of Hyperboreans.  Fairly early in the history of India it must have been discovered that the western, southern, and eastern coasts were washed by the sea so that the earthly paradise was naturally placed in the north.  Thus we hear of an abode of the blessed called the country of the holy Uttara Kurus or northern Kurus.  Here nothing can be perceived with human senses (Mahabh.  Sabha, 1045), and it is mentioned in the same breath as Heaven and the city of Indra (ib. Anusas. 2841).

It is not quite clear (neither is it of much moment), whether the Mahabharata intends by Svetadvipa one of these concentric world divisions or a separate island.  The Kurma and Padma Puranas also mention it as the shining abode of Vishnu and his saintly servants.]

[Footnote 1099:  Garbe thinks that the Sea of Milk is Lake Balkash.  For the Pancaratra see book v. iii. 3.]

[Footnote 1100:  See note 2 on last page.]

[Footnote 1101:  E.g. several works of Lloyd and Saeki, The Nestorian Monument in China.]