[Footnote 922:  J.R.A.S. 1914, pp. 37-59.]

[Footnote 923:  See Rockhill, Life of the Buddha, p. 225.]

[Footnote 924:  Various dates are given for his death, ranging from 838 to 902.  See Rockhill (Life of the Buddha), p. 225, and Bushell in J.R.A.S. 1880, pp. 440 ff.  But the treaty of 822 was made in his reign.]

[Footnote 925:  g Lan-dar-ma.]

[Footnote 926:  But see for other accounts Rockhill (Life of the Buddha), p. 226.  According to Csoma de Koros’s tables the date of the persecution was 899.]

[Footnote 927:  See the chronological table in Waddell’s Buddhism, p. 576.  Not a single Tibetan event is mentioned between 899 and 1002.]

[Footnote 928:  Pag Som Jon Zang.  Ed. Sarat Chandra Das, p. 183.]

[Footnote 929:  Or Dipankara Srijnana.  See for a life of him Journal of Buddhist Text Society, 1893, “Indian Pandits in Tibet,” pp. 7 ff.]

[Footnote 930:  Suvarnadvipa, where he studied, must be Thaton and it is curious to find that it was a centre of tantric learning.]

[Footnote 931:  From 1026 onwards see the chronological tables of Sum-pa translated by Sarat Chandra Das in J.A.S.B. 1889, pp. 40-82.  They contain many details, especially of ecclesiastical biography.  The Tibetan system of computing time is based on cycles of sixty years beginning it would seem not in 1026 but 1027, so that in many dates there is an error of a year.  See Pelliot, J.A. 1913, I. 633, and Laufer, T’oung Pao, 1913, 569.]

[Footnote 932:  Or Jenghiz Khan.  The form in the text seems to be the more correct.]

[Footnote 933:  Tegri or Heaven.  This monotheism common to the ancient Chinese, Turks and Mongols did not of course exclude the worship of spirits.]

[Footnote 934:  Guyuk was Khagan at this time but the Mongol History of Sanang Setsen (Schmidt, p. 3) says that the Lama was summoned by the Khagan Godan.  It seems that Godan was never Khagan, but as an influential prince he may have sent the summons.]

[Footnote 935:  hPhagspa (corrupted in Mongol to Bashpa) is merely a title equivalent to Ayra in Sanskrit.  His full style was hPhagspa bLo-gros-rgyal-mthsan.]

[Footnote 936:  By abhisekha or sprinkling with water.]

[Footnote 937:  Vasita is a magical formula which compels the obedience of spirits or natural forces.  Hevajra (apparently the same as Heruka) is one of the fantastic beings conceived as manifestations of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas made for a special purpose, closely corresponding, as Grunwedel points out, to the manifestations of Siva.]

[Footnote 938:  Schmidt’s edition, p. 115.]

[Footnote 939:  It is given in Isaac Taylor’s The Alphabet, vol.  II. p. 336.  See also J.R.A.S. 1910, pp. 1208-1214.]

[Footnote 940:  E.g. see the Tisastvustik, a sutra in a Turkish dialect and Uigur characters found at Turfan and published in Bibliotheca Buddhica, XII.]