[Footnote 829:  [Chinese:  ]]

[Footnote 830:  [Chinese:  ] The early history of the school is related in a work called Lien-she-kao-hsien-ch’uan, said to date from the Tsin dynasty.  See for some account of the early worthies, Dore, pp. 280 ff. and 457 ff.  Their biographies contain many visions and miracles.]

[Footnote 831:  Apparently at least until 1042.  See De Groot, Sectarianism, p. 163.  The dated inscriptions in the grottoes of Lung-men indicate that the cult of Amitabha flourished especially from 647 to 715.  See Chavannes, Mission.  Archeol. Tome I, deuxieme partie, p. 545.]

[Footnote 832:  [Chinese:  ] and [Chinese:  ]]

[Footnote 833:  See for instance the tract called Hsuan-Fo-P’u [Chinese:  ] and translated by Richard under the title of A Guide to Buddhahood, pp. 97 ff.]

[Footnote 834:  [Chinese:  ] and [Chinese:  ]]

[Footnote 835:  See Watters, On Yuan Chwang, I. 210, and also Takakusu, Journal of the Pali Text Soc. 1905, p. 132.]

[Footnote 836:  [Chinese:  ] The name refers not to the doctrines of the school, but to Tz’u-en-tai-shih, a title given to Kuei-chi the disciple of Hsuan Chuang who was one of its principal teachers and taught at a monastery called Tz’u-en.]

[Footnote 837:  [Chinese:  ] See Nanjio, Cat.  Nos. 1197 and 1215.]

[Footnote 838:  See Watters, On Yuan Chwang, I. pp. 355 ff.]

[Footnote 839:  Ed. and transl. by Sylvain Levi, 1911.]

[Footnote 840:  [Chinese:  ]]

[Footnote 841:  His name when alive was Fa-tsang.  See Nanjio, Cat. p. 462, and Dore, 450.  The Empress Wu patronized him.]

[Footnote 842:  [Chinese:  ] Also called Nan Shan or Southern mountain school from a locality in Shensi.]

[Footnote 843:  [Chinese:  ] Nanjio, Cat. 1493, 1469, 1470, 1120, 1481, 1483, 1484, 1471.]

[Footnote 844:  [Chinese:  ] or [Chinese:  ]]

[Footnote 845:  From Mo-lai-ye, which seems to mean the extreme south of India.  Dore gives some Chinese legends about him, p. 299.]

[Footnote 846:  For an appreciative criticism of the sect as known in Japan, see Anesaki’s Buddhist Art, chap.  III.]

[Footnote 847:  Nanjio, No. 530.  Nos. 533, 534 and 1039 are also important texts of this sect.]

[Footnote 848:  In the T’ien-t’ai and Chen-yen schools, and indeed in Chinese Buddhism generally, Dharma (Fa in Chinese) is regarded as cosmic law.  Buddhas are the visible expression of Dharma.  Hence they are identified with it and the whole process of cosmic evolution is regarded as the manifestation of Buddhahood.]

[Footnote 849:  [Chinese:  ] See the account by Edkins, Chinese Buddhism, pp. 271 ff.]

[Footnote 850:  [Chinese:  ]]

[Footnote 851:  [Chinese:  ] See China Mission Year Book, 1896, p. 43.]

[Footnote 852:  For some account of them, see Stanton, The Triad Society, White Lotus Society, etc., 1900, reprinted from China Review, vols.  XXI, XXII, and De Groot, Sectarianism and religious persecution in China, vol.  I. pp. 149-259.]