latter.  But it is most interesting to find that these annals give the family name of the king of Poli as Kaundinya[409] which no doubt corresponds to the Kundagga of the Koetei inscription.  At least one if not two of the Hindu invaders of Camboja bore this name, and we can hardly be wrong in supposing that members of the same great family became princes in different parts of the Far East.  One explanation of their presence in Borneo would be that they went thither from Camboja, but we have no record of expeditions from Camboja and if adventurers started thence it is not clear why they went to the east coast of Borneo.  It would be less strange if Kaundinyas emigrating from Java reached both Camboja and Koetei.  It is noticeable that in Java, Koetei, Champa and Camboja alike royal names end in varman.

5

The architectural monuments of Java are remarkable for their size, their number and their beauty.  Geographically they fall into two chief groups, the central (Boroboedoer, Prambanan, Dieng plateau, etc.) in or near the kingdom of Mataram and the eastern (Tjandi Djago, Singasari, Panataran, etc.) lying not at the extremity of the island but chiefly to the south of Soerabaja.  No relic of antiquity deserving to be called a monument has been found in western Java for the records left by Purnavarman (c. 400 A.D.) are merely rocks bearing inscriptions and two footprints, as a sign that the monarch’s triumphal progress is compared to the three steps of Vishnu.

The earliest dated (779 A.D.) monument in mid Java, Tjandi Kalasan, is Buddhist and lies in the plain of Prambanan.  It is dedicated to Tara and is of a type common both in Java and Champa, namely a chapel surmounted by a tower.  In connection with it was erected the neighbouring building called Tjandi Sari, a two-storied monastery for Mahayanist monks.  Not far distant is Tjandi Sevu, which superficially resembles the 450 Pagodas of Mandalay, for it consists of a central cruciform shrine surrounded by about 240 smaller separate chapels, everyone of which, apparently, contained the statue of a Dhyani Buddha.  Other Buddhist buildings in the same region are Tjandi Plaosan, and the beautiful chapel known as Tjandi Mendut in which are gigantic seated images of the Buddha, Manjusri and Avalokita.  The face of the last named is perhaps the most exquisite piece of work ever wrought by the chisel of a Buddhist artist.

It is not far from Mendut to Boroboedoer, which deserves to be included in any list of the wonders of the world.  This celebrated stupa—­for in essence it is a highly ornamented stupa with galleries of sculpture rising one above the other on its sides—­has been often described and can be described intelligibly only at considerable length.  I will therefore not attempt to detail or criticize its beauties but will merely state some points which are important for our purpose.