[40] This aspect has been developed in modern times by Schopenhauer, Ed. von Hartmann, and others.  Bergson seems to me to be greatly indebted to Schopenhauer.  Schopenhauer’s Will and Bergson’s elan vital are practically the same (cf.  Schopenhauer’s Ueber den Willen in der Natur, and Bergson’s Creative Evolution).  Edward Carpenter, in his Art of Creation, has worked out a similar point of view independently of Bergson.

     [41] Der Kampf um einen geistigen Lebensinhalt, Zweite Auflage,
     1907, S. 331.

     [42] Sonderdruck, 1905.

     [43] George Meredith, The Sage Enamoured and the Honest Lady.

     [44] Cf. the closing passages of Bradley’s Appearance and
     Reality for a similar view; also the latter part of Ward’s Realm
     of Ends.

     [45] This weakness of Bergson’s philosophy is shown in the whole of
     Bosanquet’s Principle of Individuality and Value.

[46] It is a great merit of Windelband to have brought this aspect of the Ought prominently forward in contradistinction to the over-importance attached to the Will alone by the Pragmatists. Cf. his Praeludien.

     [47] The Truth of Religion, p. 175.

[48] Modern psychology would agree with such a view, but probably not with the implications given to it by Eucken.  The “faculty” psychology as it was presented by Kant has now disappeared, and consciousness is conceived as a unity in which the three aspects referred to are present, and even the single aspect that is in the foreground of consciousness is influenced by the others which are in the background.  Another point made clear by Hoeffding (cf. his Psychology) and others is the difference between the activity of consciousness in the “drifting” process of association of ideas and its power to stem the association current, and to turn it into new directions by means of the reflective power of consciousness itself.

[49] It is a great merit of Bergson’s philosophy to have pointed this out.  It is a conception presented several times in the history of philosophy, but there is great need of re-emphasising it to-day, especially as things in space have gripped the soul with such power and disastrous results.

     [50] The Truth of Religion, p. 243.

     [51] The Truth of Religion, p. 200. Cf. also Koennen wir noch
     Christen sein? pp. 91-141.

     [52] Cf. Ward’s The Realm of Ends, chapters ii. and xx.; also
     Caird’s Evolution of Religion has many valuable hints throughout
     the two volumes pointing in the same direction.

     [53] The Truth of Religion, p. 436.

     [54] Quoted in The Truth of Religion, p. 436.